Bio ulva

Bio ulva

• 1.
  List the characteristicsof protists. They are the earliest eukaryotes  showed up a billion years before the others Age  2.1 billion years There are 60,000 living species Exist as unicellular, colonial, and multicellular Aerobic, cilia & flagella, asexual or sexual Bottom line: a VERY diverse group 
• 2.
  Explain what ismeant by the statement that the Kingdom Protista is a polyphyletic group. Polyphyletic = ancestry from several possible sources or directions Example: Protists are  animal-like plant-like fungus-like 
• 3.
  List five candidatekingdoms of protists and describe a major feature of each. • Archaezoa  lack mitochondria • Euglenozoa  are both autotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates • Alveolata  have subsurface cavities (alveoli) • Stramenopila  diatoms, golden brown algae, and water molds • Rhodophyta  red algae; lack flagella 
• 4.
  Life Cycle overview Sporophyte generally the adult form of an organism; exists as a diploid (2n); makes spores (ex: humans) Gametophyte  generally an intermediate step before fertilization; exists as a haploid (n); makes gametes (ex: sperm & eggs) 
• 5.
  Outline the lifecycles of Chlamydomonas, Ulva, and Laminaria and indicate whether the stages are haploid or diploid. • Chlamydomonas  at maturity it is a single haploid cell - asexual at first, then sexual only if stressed, creating a diploid zygote 2. Ulva  diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte 3. Laminaria  sporophyte (2n) with sporangia makes zoospores (n) which make gametes (n) and then fertilization to get diploid sporophyte again 
• 6.
  Distinguish between isogamyand oogamy; sporophyte and gametophyte; and isomorphic and heteromorphic generations. Isogamy  when gametes are morphologically indistinguishable Oogamy  flagellated sperm fertilize the nonmotile egg Sporophyte  2n (diploid) generation Gametophyte  n (haploid) generation Isomorphic  gametophytes and sporophytes look alike Heteromorphic  gametophytes and sporophytes are structurally different 
• 7.
  Compare the lifecycles of plasmodial and cellular slime molds and describe the major differences between them. Plasmodial Slime Mold Cellular Slime Mold Multinucleated mass Solitary haploid cells Diploid nuclei Cells will aggregate when When stressed will form food supply is low sexual reproductive Fruiting bodies (sporangia) structures called sporangia function in asexual  reproduction 
• 8.
  Provide evidence thatthe oomycetes are not closely related to true fungi. Have coenocytic (multinucleated) hyphae (branching filaments) that are analogous to fungal hyphae Cell walls are made of cellulose rather than the chitin in true fungi Have biflagellated cells  fungi lack flagellated cells 
• 9.
  Give examples ofoomycetes and describe their economic importance. • Water molds  grow on injured tissue but also will grow on the skin and gills of fish • White rusts • Downy mildews - both of these are parasitic on terrestrial plants – act as pathogens 
• 10.
   “sea lettuce” attached to rocks in the middle to low intertidal zone  live primarily in marine environments  Multicellular green algae
• 11.
  MITOSIS MEIOSIS E MITOSIS GAMETES Fertilization
• 12.
  -Involves alternation ofgenerations -Ulva species are isomorphic -They alternate between gametophytic and sporophytic life stages with similar morphologies -gametophytes are haploid and the sporophytes are diploid
• 13.
  -sporophytes produce quadriflagellate haploidspores through meiosis -gametophytes produce biflagellate haploid gametes through mitosis