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Biak na bato pact (slideshare)

The Biak-na-Bato Pact established a ceasefire between Emilio Aguinaldo's rebel forces and the Spanish government in 1897. Under the pact, Aguinaldo agreed to go into exile in Hong Kong in exchange for a large monetary payment and a promise of reforms and independence for the Philippines within three years. However, neither side fully trusted the other, and clashes continued after Aguinaldo left. In 1898, Aguinaldo returned from exile and declared Philippine independence after the US defeated Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. The Treaty of Paris later that year ended the war by transferring control of the Philippines from Spain to the United States.

Education◦
THE BIAK-NA-BATO PACT
Emilio Aguinaldo established his headquarters in Biak-na-Bato in the province of Bulacan
In July 1897, Aguinaldo established the Biak-na-Bato Republic and issued a proclamation stating the following demands: 1. Expulsion of the friars and the return of the friar lands to the Filipinos 2. Representation in the Spanish Cortes 3. Freedom of the press and of religion 4. Abolition of the government’s power to banish Filipinos 5. Equality for all before the law.
THE BIAK-NA-BATO CONSTITUTION Constitution based on the Cuban Constitution Drafted by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho Signed on November 1, 1897 The Constitution provided a: SUPREME COUNCIL EMILIO AGUINALDO MARIANO TRIAS President Vice-President
TO END THE CLASHES BETWEEN FILIPINOS AND SPANIARDS… Emilio Gov. Gen. Aguinaldo Primo de Rivera PEDRO PATERNO volunteered to act as negotiator
A ceasefire was declared by both camps and an agreement between Aguinaldo and the Spanish forces was made.
CONDITIONS: The Spanish government will grant SELF-RULE to the Philippines in 3 YEARS if Aguinaldo went to exile in HONG KONG and surrender his arms. IN EXCHANGE FOR WHAT??
Aguinaldo will receive P800,000 (Mexican Pesos) as remuneration to the revolutionaries and an amnesty. SO… After receiving a partial payment of P400,000, Aguinaldo left for Hong Kong on board the ship URANUS December 27, 1897. Some Filipino generals, however, did not believe in the sincerity of the Spaniards. They refused to surrender their arms.
 WHY?  The Filipino’s and the Spaniards did not trust each other.  As a result, periodic clashes between the two groups still took place even after Aguinaldo’s departure from the country.  The Spanish did not pay the entire agreed amount.
AGUINALDO IN HONG KONG
Battle of Manila Bay • May 1, 1898 •First major battle of Spanish American War •Led by George Dewey •Won with four deaths •Battle lasted only a few hours
AGUINALDO RETURNS TO MANILA... May 19, 1898 Aguinaldo arrived on board the MCCULLOCH with ammunition bought with the money he received from Spain By June 1898, General Emilio Aguinaldo had captured the whole of Luzon and was ready to storm Manila with the help of Gregorio del Pilar MANILA = INSIDE INTRAMUROS
Aguinaldo was firmly convinced that it just was a matter of days before the Spaniards surrendered. Therefore, he started planning for the declaration of Philippine independence.
JUNE 12, 1898... PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE is declared by AGUINALDO
JUNE 12, 1898...
The TREATY OF PARIS... FELIPE AGONCILLO – was sent to the USA to try to speak to Pres. McKinley – FAILED
FELIPE AGONCILLO – Tried to go to France to attend a meeting between Spanish and American representatives
WHAT WAS THE MEETING ABOUT? 1. Outcome of the Spanish – American War 2. Situation in Cuba and the Philippines
TREATY OF PARIS IS SIGNED... On Dec. 10, 1898, THE TREATY OF PARIS ended the Spanish-American War. Cuba was granted its independence Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico In return, the US paid Spain the sum of US$20 million for the Philippines.
LAST JOINT SESSION OF THE TREATY OF PARIS
Peace treaty negotiation between American and Spanish military generals. The Americans negotiated in a hostile atmosphere because all Europe, except England, was sympathetic to the Spanish side.
DIEGO DE LOS RÍOS, the last Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. His term ended on Dec. 10, 1898 when the Treaty of Paris was signed.