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Basics of Internal Combustion Engines.pptx

Internal combustion (IC) engines are heat engines in which fuel burns inside the engine itself to release energy that produces mechanical work. In these engines, a mixture of fuel and air is ignited in a combustion chamber, producing high-pressure gases that expand and push a piston. The piston’s reciprocating motion is converted into rotary motion by a crankshaft, which can then drive wheels, generators, pumps, and other machinery. Most IC engines used today are reciprocating piston engines and operate on thermodynamic cycles such as the four-stroke cycle (intake, compression, combustion/power, and exhaust), where four piston strokes complete one operating cycle. In the intake stroke, the air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder; in compression, it’s compressed to a high pressure; combustion causes rapid expansion that pushes the piston down; and exhaust expels burnt gases. IC engines are broadly classified into spark-ignition (SI) engines, where a spark plug ignites the mixture, and compression-ignition (CI) engines, where fuel auto-ignites due to high compression. These engines are widely used due to their compact size, versatility, and ability to deliver high power, powering most vehicles and many industrial machines.

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Learning Objectives: To learn basics of heat engines, IC and EC engines, IC engines construction- components and materials, engine nomenclature, applications BASICS OF IC ENGINES
Analysis of Engine Management System
Engine of a car
Basics of IC Engines • Heat Engines • Internal Combustion (IC) Engines • External Combustion (EC) Engines • Engine Construction – components and material • Engine Nomenclature • Applications
*External combustion engine. *Internal combustion engine. -Ex: steam engine -Ex: car engine What is an engine? Types of engines: A machine which converts chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy
Type of Heat Engines types of heat engines external combustion internal combustion steam engines Gas turbines Otto engine Diesel engine Gas Engine
Internal Combustion Engines-Applications The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel-oxidizer mixture occurs in a confined space applied in: automotive rail transportation power generation ships aviation
An Internal Combustion Engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. This demo intents to illustrate some aspects related to the efficiency of 4-stroke IC engines. Internal Combustion Engines
Internal Combustion Engines  A internal combustion engine is a device that converts the chemical energy contained in fuel into rotating power (mechanical energy).  Various parts are housed within an engine block
Internal Combustion Engines- Parts
External Combustion engines Gas Turbine engine A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between. Energy is added to the gas stream in the combustor, where fuel is mixed with air and ignited. In the high pressure environment of the combustor, combustion of the fuel increases the temperature. The products of the combustion are forced into the turbine section. There, the high velocity and volume of the gas flow is directed through a nozzle over the turbine's blades, spinning the turbine which powers the compressor and, for some turbines, drives their mechanical output. The energy given up to the turbine comes from the reduction in the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas.
Gas turbine engines are, theoretically, extremely simple. They have three parts: Compressor - Compresses the incoming air to high pressure Combustion area - Burns the fuel and produces high-pressure, high- velocity gas Turbine - Extracts the energy from the high-pressure, high-velocity gas flowing from the combustion chamber Compressor Combustion area Turbine
How engine works? Air Fuel Mixing Combustion Exhaust Power Useful Work •Carburetor •Ignition •Valves •Flywheel •Crankshaft
16 History of Internal Combustion Engine History of IC engines: 1700s - Steam engines (external combustion engines) 1860 - Lenoir engine (h = 5%) 1867 - Otto-Langen engine (h = 11%, 90 RPM max.) 1876 - Otto four stroke “spark ignition” engine (h = 14%, 160 RPM max.) 1880s - Two stroke engine 1892 - Diesel four stroke “compression ignition” engine 1957 - Wenkel “rotary” engine
17 Historical IC Engines FLYWHEEL