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Apocalyptic Literature/The Book of Revelation

The document focuses on apocalyptic literature, particularly the Book of Revelation, emphasizing its purpose to unveil God's control and the final victory over evil through dramatic and vivid imagery. It outlines the characteristics of apocalyptic writing, including its historical context, symbolic nature, and various interpretative approaches, such as preterist, amillennial, premillennial, and postmillennial theories. Additionally, it addresses the significance of numbers and colors within the genre and provides guidance on interpreting these texts in relation to their historical settings and broader applicability.

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Revelation and Apocalyptic Literature Dr. John Oakes Fall, 2013 San Diego
Our Outline: 1.Apocalyptic Literature 2.Intro to Revelation 3.Revelation chapter by chapter Resources: “Revelation Revealed” Gordon Ferguson “Revelation” Jim McGuiggan “Worthy is the Lamb” Ray Summers
Apocalyptic LiteratureApocalyptic Literature Rev 1:1 The revelation of Jesus Christ revelation = apokalupsis αποκαλυψισ = unveiling. Apocalyptic literature is an unveiling Vision as a literary device
Purpose of Apocalyptic WritingPurpose of Apocalyptic Writing To show in dramatic fashion that God is inTo show in dramatic fashion that God is in control.control. To reveal (unveil) the kingdom of God.To reveal (unveil) the kingdom of God. “The purpose of these writings was to stress the virtue of loyalty and of stimulate faith by showing in vivid fashion the certain overthrow of evil and final victory for God’s righteous cause.” (Summers: Worthy is the Lamb)
Characteristis of Apocalyptic LiteratureCharacteristis of Apocalyptic Literature 1. Written in times of trouble1. Written in times of trouble Isaiah: Destruction of IsraelIsaiah: Destruction of Israel Ezekiel and Daniel: Captivity of JudahEzekiel and Daniel: Captivity of Judah Zechariah: Persian conquestZechariah: Persian conquest 1 Enoch: Antiochus Epiphanes1 Enoch: Antiochus Epiphanes Revelation: Roman persecutionRevelation: Roman persecution 2. Cryptic in style2. Cryptic in style Wisdom, cautionWisdom, caution Keep the uninitiated in the darkKeep the uninitiated in the dark
ΑποκαλυφισΑποκαλυφισ Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics Continued 3. Prophecy vs Apocalyptic3. Prophecy vs Apocalyptic Prophecy mainly preaching, secondarily predictionProphecy mainly preaching, secondarily prediction Apocalyptic mainly predictive, preaching secondaryApocalyptic mainly predictive, preaching secondary Apocalyptic a wider scope: The whole world!Apocalyptic a wider scope: The whole world! Apocalyptic: more eschatology (end times)Apocalyptic: more eschatology (end times) (although apocalyptic is not chiefly eschatology)(although apocalyptic is not chiefly eschatology) 4. Always has a definite historical setting4. Always has a definite historical setting Daniel: Antiochus EpiphanesDaniel: Antiochus Epiphanes Revelation: DomitianRevelation: Domitian
ΑποκαλυφισΑποκαλυφισ Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics Continued 5. Pseudonymous (falsely attributed author)5. Pseudonymous (falsely attributed author) 1 Enoch1 Enoch Assumptiom of MosesAssumptiom of Moses Baruch etc.Baruch etc. Does not apply to Daniel, Revelation, etc.Does not apply to Daniel, Revelation, etc. 6. Visions (rare in prophecy Daniel 9?)6. Visions (rare in prophecy Daniel 9?)
ΑποκαλυφισΑποκαλυφισ Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics Continued 7. Symbolic Apocalyptic literature is saturated7. Symbolic Apocalyptic literature is saturated with symbolism.with symbolism. Other literature: Assume a statementOther literature: Assume a statement ordescription is literal unless the contextordescription is literal unless the context demands otherwise.demands otherwise. Apocalyptic: Assume a statement or descriptionApocalyptic: Assume a statement or description is symbolic unless the context demands otherwiseis symbolic unless the context demands otherwise (the seven churches or Rev. 17 for example)(the seven churches or Rev. 17 for example)
Numbers in Apocalyptic LiteratureNumbers in Apocalyptic Literature 1 = unity, unique, alone.1 = unity, unique, alone. 2 = strength, courage, energy2 = strength, courage, energy 3 = divine number. Number of God.3 = divine number. Number of God. 4 = the world, the cosmos, creation.4 = the world, the cosmos, creation. 6 = sinister, Satan 6 falls one short of seven. Doom.6 = sinister, Satan 6 falls one short of seven. Doom. 7 = perfection, completeness 4 + 3 = 7 cosmos + God7 = perfection, completeness 4 + 3 = 7 cosmos + God = perfection= perfection 3-1/2 = incomplete, partial (1260 days, “time, times3-1/2 = incomplete, partial (1260 days, “time, times and half a time”)and half a time”)
Numbers in Apocalyptic Literature (cont.)Numbers in Apocalyptic Literature (cont.) 10 = completeness10 = completeness Multiples of 10 70 = perfect completenessMultiples of 10 70 = perfect completeness 1000 = 10x10x10 = ultimate completeness1000 = 10x10x10 = ultimate completeness 12 = Number of religion. God’s people. 4x3 = 1212 = Number of religion. God’s people. 4x3 = 12 Ex. 144,000 is the full number of God’s peopleEx. 144,000 is the full number of God’s people (12x12x10x10x10)(12x12x10x10x10) We should hesitate to take these numbers literally. TheWe should hesitate to take these numbers literally. The 144,000 is certainly NOT literal!144,000 is certainly NOT literal!
Colors in Apocalyptic LiteratureColors in Apocalyptic Literature RedRed war, sacrifice Zech 6:2, Rev 6:4, Is 63:1-6, Joelwar, sacrifice Zech 6:2, Rev 6:4, Is 63:1-6, Joel 2:31, Rev 12:3, 17:32:31, Rev 12:3, 17:3 WhiteWhite purity and innocence Dan 7:9, Rev 1:14, Zechpurity and innocence Dan 7:9, Rev 1:14, Zech 6:3,6 Rev 7:9,13-14, 19:?6:3,6 Rev 7:9,13-14, 19:? PurplePurple royalty or voluptuous ease Jer 10:9, Rev 17:4,royalty or voluptuous ease Jer 10:9, Rev 17:4, 18:1218:12 BlueBlue heaven, sky, Holy Spirit Rev 9:17heaven, sky, Holy Spirit Rev 9:17 Black famine, death, distress Zech 6:2, 6 Rev 6:5,12,Black famine, death, distress Zech 6:2, 6 Rev 6:5,12, Pale yellowPale yellow near the end of life Rev 9:17near the end of life Rev 9:17 PalePale death, terror-stricken Jer 30:6, Dan 10:8 Rev 6:8death, terror-stricken Jer 30:6, Dan 10:8 Rev 6:8 CrimsonCrimson blood, atonementblood, atonement Gold divinity, splendor Rev 1:13 15:6Gold divinity, splendor Rev 1:13 15:6 GreenGreen death? 6:8, 8:7, 9:4death? 6:8, 8:7, 9:4
ΑποκαλυφισΑποκαλυφισ Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics Continued 8. Dramatic.8. Dramatic. Arguably, the chief aspect of the Apocalyptic is that it isArguably, the chief aspect of the Apocalyptic is that it is dramatic.dramatic. Dramatic, vivid,Dramatic, vivid, forceful, terrifying,forceful, terrifying, grotesquegrotesque
Non-canonical ApocalypsesNon-canonical Apocalypses The PseudepigraphaThe Pseudepigrapha  1 Enoch 150 BC1 Enoch 150 BC  Assumption of Moses 1Assumption of Moses 1stst half of 1half of 1stst centurycentury  Secrets of Enoch (2 Enoch) early 1Secrets of Enoch (2 Enoch) early 1stst centurycentury  Baruch after AD 70Baruch after AD 70  44thth Ezra after AD 70Ezra after AD 70
Old Testament Apocalyptic PassagesOld Testament Apocalyptic Passages  Joel 3:18-21 Joel 2:1-12 Day of the Lord—a coming of the Kingdom.  Daniel 7:7-8, 11-14  Isaiah 34;2-8  Ezek 32:1-10 Pattern: All are about the future. All are about God coming to defend or to judge his people. All are about the kingdom of God. All have a definite historical application. These passages will help us greatly to interpet Revelation
Summary: How to Interpret Apocalyptic:Summary: How to Interpret Apocalyptic:  There will be a definite historical setting andThere will be a definite historical setting and cause for the visions. Interpret in light ofcause for the visions. Interpret in light of this setting and cause.this setting and cause.  About the imagery: get the big picture andAbout the imagery: get the big picture and do not get too caught up in the details—dodo not get too caught up in the details—do not “push” the details.not “push” the details.  After correctly observing the first two steps,After correctly observing the first two steps, you can apply apocalyptic passages to allyou can apply apocalyptic passages to all people and all situations and all times.people and all situations and all times.
End-Time Theories (Eschatology)End-Time Theories (Eschatology)  PreteristPreterist • Most or all of RevelationMost or all of Revelation Already fulfilledAlready fulfilled  AmillenialismAmillenialism • No physical millenialNo physical millenial reignreign  PremillenialismPremillenialism • Jesus comes back beforeJesus comes back before the milleniumthe millenium  PostmillenialismPostmillenialism • Millenium happens, thenMillenium happens, then Jesus comes backJesus comes back
Approaches to Interpreting RevelationApproaches to Interpreting Revelation 1. It is either principally or entirely about the time of1. It is either principally or entirely about the time of Roman persecution of the church.Roman persecution of the church. 2. It is principally about the apostasy of the Roman2. It is principally about the apostasy of the Roman Catholic Church.Catholic Church. 3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world until Jesus comes back.until Jesus comes back. 4. It is principally about end-times—about Armageddon,4. It is principally about end-times—about Armageddon, the rapture and the millennial reign of Christ whichthe rapture and the millennial reign of Christ which will ensue. Revelation is principally unfulfilledwill ensue. Revelation is principally unfulfilled prophecy.prophecy. 5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages,5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages, with no particular specific historical context.with no particular specific historical context.
Approaches to Interpreting RevelationApproaches to Interpreting Revelation 1. It is about the time of Roman persecution of the1. It is about the time of Roman persecution of the church.church. Historical Background View.Historical Background View. 3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world3. It is about the entire history of the [western] world until Jesus comes back.until Jesus comes back. Continuous HistoricalContinuous Historical Wyclyffe, Luther, Fox. The Reformation.Wyclyffe, Luther, Fox. The Reformation. 1st seal = Domitian to Commodus AD 180 2nd seal = Commodus to Caracella 3rd seal = Caracella to Decius 4th seal = Decius to Gallienus (243-268) (many persecutions) 5th seal = Diocletian and friends (284-315) (greatest persecutions of all) 6th seal = Barbarian invasions (see below)
Approaches to Interpreting RevelationApproaches to Interpreting Revelation 3. Continuous Historical3. Continuous Historical 7th seal = trumpets 1st trumpet = Goths 395-410 (sacked Rome) 2nd trumpet = Genseric 428-468 (sacked Rome) 3rd trumpet = Atilla 433-457 4th trumpet = Odoacer 476-490 (ended Western Roman empire for good) 5th trumpet = Muslim invaders 6th trumpet = Turks Great Angel = The ReformationGreat Angel = The Reformation Great Harlot = The Papacy etc.Great Harlot = The Papacy etc. Criticism: Too narrow, stretches the symbols way tooCriticism: Too narrow, stretches the symbols way too muchmuch
Approaches to Interpreting RevelationApproaches to Interpreting Revelation 4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory:4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory: Revelation 4-19 is about a seven year period called theRevelation 4-19 is about a seven year period called the TribulationTribulation after theafter the rapturerapture, but before Jesus comes to, but before Jesus comes to dwell in physical Jerusalem.dwell in physical Jerusalem. Use Daniel 9:24-27 to prophesy a future “week” ofUse Daniel 9:24-27 to prophesy a future “week” of tribulation.tribulation. This “week” marks the end of theThis “week” marks the end of the “Christian era”.“Christian era”. The temple will be rebuilt in JerusalemThe temple will be rebuilt in Jerusalem TheThe two prophetstwo prophets and theand the antichristantichrist will be literal people.will be literal people.
Approaches to Interpreting RevelationApproaches to Interpreting Revelation 4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory:4. Futurist The most common premillennial theory: Antichrist defeated after 3-1/2 year reign in a battleAntichrist defeated after 3-1/2 year reign in a battle calledcalled ArmageddonArmageddon After this, Jesus comes back and reigns in Jerusalem,After this, Jesus comes back and reigns in Jerusalem, ushering in the Kingdom of God, beginning theushering in the Kingdom of God, beginning the millenniummillennium After the Millennium Satan and the Beast are thrownAfter the Millennium Satan and the Beast are thrown into the Abyss and final judgment occurs.into the Abyss and final judgment occurs.
Premillenialism
Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton The folly of Interpreters has been, to foretell times and things, by this Prophecy, as if God designed to make them Prophets. By this rashness they have not only exposed themselves, but brought the Prophecy also into contempt. The design of God was much otherwise. He gave this and the Prophecies of the Old Testaments, not to gratify men's curiosities by enabling them to foreknow things, but that after they were fulfilled they might be interpreted by the event; and his own Providence, not the Interpreters, be then manifested thereby to the world. For the event of things predicted many ages before, will then be a convincing argument that the world is governed by providence
Problems with PremillenialismProblems with Premillenialism 1. Seems to contradict Revelation 1:1,3 2. Means that Revelation has virtually no meaning to its primary audience: the Church in the first centuries. 3. Blatant overliteralizing 4. Covenant error: Reestablishing Jewish sacrifices. A step back. Jesus goes from heaven to ruling on an earthly throne. 5. Makes the Kingdom of God a physical kingdom. Radically downplays the coming of the kingdom in the church. Luke 17:20-21 John 18:36)
Approaches to Interpreting RevelationApproaches to Interpreting Revelation 5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages,5. It is about how God deals with mankind in all ages, with no particular specific historical context.with no particular specific historical context. Philosophy of History methodPhilosophy of History method.. Revelation is a description of things that happen againRevelation is a description of things that happen again and again throughout history and it is equally applicableand again throughout history and it is equally applicable to all Christians at any time.to all Christians at any time. Multiple fulfillment theoryMultiple fulfillment theory Conclusion: There is validity to the preterist/HistoricalConclusion: There is validity to the preterist/Historical Background view and to the Philosophy of History view.Background view and to the Philosophy of History view. Revelation is principally about and for the persecutedRevelation is principally about and for the persecuted early church, but it is also applicable to all Christiansearly church, but it is also applicable to all Christians everywhere.everywhere.
Historical Background to RevelationHistorical Background to Revelation Revelation 1:9 I, John, your brother and companionRevelation 1:9 I, John, your brother and companion in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurancein the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmosthat are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus. Persecutions of the Church:Persecutions of the Church: Nero AD 64Nero AD 64 Domitian 95-96 *Domitian 95-96 * Trajan 98-117Trajan 98-117 Septimus Severus 202-211Septimus Severus 202-211 Decius 249-251Decius 249-251 Valerian 257-261Valerian 257-261 Diocletian and Galerian 303-311Diocletian and Galerian 303-311
Patmos
Monastery of St. John, Patmos
John’s cave?
Date of AuthorshipDate of Authorship Nero AD 64Nero AD 64 Persecution only in RomePersecution only in Rome No record of required emperor-worshipNo record of required emperor-worship Vespasian AD 69-79Vespasian AD 69-79 BBased on Rev 17:9-11 Five have fallenased on Rev 17:9-11 Five have fallen (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero)(Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero) one isone is (Vespasian)(Vespasian) one who is to come for a little while (Titus,one who is to come for a little while (Titus, ruled two years) and “the beast who was, and is not andruled two years) and “the beast who was, and is not and is also an eighth and is of the seven = Domitian.is also an eighth and is of the seven = Domitian. Domitian AD 81-96Domitian AD 81-96 First systematic persecutor AD 95-96First systematic persecutor AD 95-96 Ordered worship of emperor, Christianity illegalOrdered worship of emperor, Christianity illegal Unanimous opinion of the early church.Unanimous opinion of the early church.
Author: The Apostle JohnAuthor: The Apostle John External Evidence:External Evidence: Papias 125 ADPapias 125 AD Justin Martyr Dialogue with Trypho AD 150Justin Martyr Dialogue with Trypho AD 150 Irenaeus AD 170Irenaeus AD 170 Origen AD 220Origen AD 220 Also: Tertullian (AD 200), Clement of Alexandria (ADAlso: Tertullian (AD 200), Clement of Alexandria (AD 210), Hippolytus (Rome, 220), Cyprian, Athanasius,210), Hippolytus (Rome, 220), Cyprian, Athanasius, Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome.Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome. Internal Evidence:Internal Evidence: The writer is clearly a Jewish ChristianThe writer is clearly a Jewish Christian The writer assumes great authority over the churchesThe writer assumes great authority over the churches in Asia (John came to Ephesus some time after AD 70in Asia (John came to Ephesus some time after AD 70 was over the church in Ephesus for 25 years)was over the church in Ephesus for 25 years)
Authorship: Alternative ViewsAuthorship: Alternative Views Internal Evidence OnlyInternal Evidence Only Dionysius of Alexandria AD 250 The writing style tooDionysius of Alexandria AD 250 The writing style too different to allow the same author as the gospel ofdifferent to allow the same author as the gospel of John.John. Eusebius AD 330 quotes Papias, and concludes that itEusebius AD 330 quotes Papias, and concludes that it was Presbyter/Elder John, a separate John. (butwas Presbyter/Elder John, a separate John. (but Irenaeus is definite that the “elder John” is the apostleIrenaeus is definite that the “elder John” is the apostle John)John) If, then, any one should come, having followed personally theIf, then, any one should come, having followed personally the elders, I would question him concerning the words of theelders, I would question him concerning the words of the elders, what Andrew or what Peter said, or what Philip, orelders, what Andrew or what Peter said, or what Philip, or what Thomas or James or whatwhat Thomas or James or what JohnJohn or Matthew or any one ofor Matthew or any one of the disciples of the Lord said, and the things which Aristionthe disciples of the Lord said, and the things which Aristion andand the elder Johnthe elder John, disciples of the Lord said., disciples of the Lord said.
Authorship: Alternative ViewsAuthorship: Alternative Views Why such different styles?Why such different styles? Was John written in the late 70s or early 80s?Was John written in the late 70s or early 80s? John was very carefully constructed,John was very carefully constructed, Revelation was written in haste.Revelation was written in haste. Conclusion: If we allow that two differentConclusion: If we allow that two different people wrote John and Revelation, thenpeople wrote John and Revelation, then Revelation would be the one written by JohnRevelation would be the one written by John
Theme, Message and Objective ofTheme, Message and Objective of RevelationRevelation Theme of Revelation: Peel back the layers of historyTheme of Revelation: Peel back the layers of history and even the terrible persecutions and what do weand even the terrible persecutions and what do we find?find? The lamb is on the throne and God is in control.The lamb is on the throne and God is in control. Message of Revelation:Message of Revelation: Be encouraged and faithful toBe encouraged and faithful to Jesus Christ.Jesus Christ. Jesus, not Caesar, is Lord.Jesus, not Caesar, is Lord. Objective: to comfort persecuted Christians.Objective: to comfort persecuted Christians. Description of Revelation: A “divine picture-book”.Description of Revelation: A “divine picture-book”. “Spiritual cartoons,” representing the historical“Spiritual cartoons,” representing the historical development of the early Christian church.development of the early Christian church. Romans appeals to the intellect/mindRomans appeals to the intellect/mind Psalms appeals to the emotionsPsalms appeals to the emotions Revelation appeals to the imagination.Revelation appeals to the imagination.
Outline of RevelationOutline of Revelation Ch 1 PrologueCh 1 Prologue Ch 2-3 Letters to the seven churchesCh 2-3 Letters to the seven churches Ch 4-7 The Seven SealsCh 4-7 The Seven Seals Ch 8-11 The Seven TrumpetsCh 8-11 The Seven Trumpets Ch 12-16 Seven Mystical FiguresCh 12-16 Seven Mystical Figures Ch 15-16 The Seven VialsCh 15-16 The Seven Vials Ch 17-20 Enemies of the Church OverthrownCh 17-20 Enemies of the Church Overthrown Ch 21-22 The Kingdom of God RevealedCh 21-22 The Kingdom of God Revealed
 I. Genesis 1 God created the universe and the earth. It was very good. II. Genesis 2 God created man so that we could have an intimate relationship with him. III. Genesis 3 and 4 We messed up very badly—destroying that relationship. IV.Genesis 5-Rev 20 God is repairing the damage done by sin. V. Rev 21-22 God has fixed the problem and we are back in a relationship with him. Revelation is the culmination of the Bible story An Outline of the Bible
Revelation Chapter 1 PrologueRevelation Chapter 1 Prologue John 1:1 The revelation of Jesus Christ which GodJohn 1:1 The revelation of Jesus Christ which God gave to him to show to his servants what must soongave to him to show to his servants what must soon come to pass (things it is necessary to come to passcome to pass (things it is necessary to come to pass shortly).shortly). What is the book about? Things that will soon takeWhat is the book about? Things that will soon take place.place. Dei δειDei δει “must” morally necessary. God’s justice“must” morally necessary. God’s justice requires that these prophecies must be fulfilled soonrequires that these prophecies must be fulfilled soon En taxeosEn taxeos εν ταχέωςεν ταχέως quickly 2 Tim 4:9 taxeosquickly 2 Tim 4:9 taxeos Rev 1:1, 22:6 must soon take placeRev 1:1, 22:6 must soon take place Rev 1:3, 22:10 is at hand (right near by)Rev 1:3, 22:10 is at hand (right near by) Compare to Daniel 9:26 which concerns “the distantCompare to Daniel 9:26 which concerns “the distant future.” (written 550 BC about 167 BC)future.” (written 550 BC about 167 BC)
Seven Beatitudes in RevelationSeven Beatitudes in Revelation Rev 1:3 Blessed is he who reads this prophecy andRev 1:3 Blessed is he who reads this prophecy and takes it to heart.takes it to heart. Rev 14:13 Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.Rev 14:13 Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. Rev 16:15 he who watches and is prepared for theRev 16:15 he who watches and is prepared for the Lord’s coming.Lord’s coming. Rev 19:9 those invited to the Lamb’s wedding supper.Rev 19:9 those invited to the Lamb’s wedding supper. Rev 20:6 those who have a part in the first resurrection.Rev 20:6 those who have a part in the first resurrection. Rev 22:7 he who keeps the words of this book.Rev 22:7 he who keeps the words of this book. Rev 22:14 those who wash their robes.Rev 22:14 those who wash their robes.
Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.)Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.) Rev 1:4,11Rev 1:4,11 Who from? God the father, the Holy Spirit (the sevenWho from? God the father, the Holy Spirit (the seven spirits) and Jesus Christspirits) and Jesus Christ Who to? v. 4 to the seven churches in the province ofWho to? v. 4 to the seven churches in the province of AsiaAsia v. 11 Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis,v. 11 Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea.Philadelphia and Laodicea. Why these churches? They are the ones over whichWhy these churches? They are the ones over which John was a shepherd.John was a shepherd. 1:3 to all who hear 2:7 to anyone who has an ear.1:3 to all who hear 2:7 to anyone who has an ear. …… what the Spirit sayswhat the Spirit says to the churchesto the churches..
Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.)Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.) Rev 1:9Rev 1:9 John can totally relate to the persecutionsJohn can totally relate to the persecutions that the church will soon be going through.that the church will soon be going through. Why was he on Patmos? Because of the Word of God.Why was he on Patmos? Because of the Word of God. 1:101:10 On the Lord’s day = Sunday = the 8On the Lord’s day = Sunday = the 8thth day.day. 1:12-181:12-18 Is this the picture we get of Jesus in theIs this the picture we get of Jesus in the gospels?gospels? The principle picture of Jesus in Revelation is ofThe principle picture of Jesus in Revelation is of incredible power and of judgment.incredible power and of judgment. Why? Because of the message. God will judge theWhy? Because of the message. God will judge the persecutors!persecutors!
Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.)Revelation 1 Prologue (cont.) Rev 1: 10,12-18Rev 1: 10,12-18 Similar to Daniel 7:9-10 andSimilar to Daniel 7:9-10 and Daniel 10:4-9Daniel 10:4-9 Voice “like a trumpet” AVoice “like a trumpet” A loud and clear messageloud and clear message Blazing eyes See everythingBlazing eyes See everything clearly. Nothing escapes hisclearly. Nothing escapes his notice.notice. Double-edged sword in hisDouble-edged sword in his mouth Authority and powermouth Authority and power of his words (John 12:48)of his words (John 12:48) Q: How does this picture ofQ: How does this picture of Jesus make you feel?Jesus make you feel?
Revelation 2 & 3 Letters to the ChurchesRevelation 2 & 3 Letters to the Churches in Asiain Asia Pattern:Pattern: 1. Greeting1. Greeting 2. A description of Jesus2. A description of Jesus 3. A commendation (except Sardis and3. A commendation (except Sardis and Laodicea)Laodicea) 4. A criticism (except Smyrna and4. A criticism (except Smyrna and Philadelphia)Philadelphia) 5. An appeal and a warning5. An appeal and a warning 6. Exhortation and promise6. Exhortation and promise
Revelation 2:1-7 EphesusRevelation 2:1-7 Ephesus
EphesusEphesus Rev 2:1Rev 2:1 ……holds the sevenholds the seven stars in his handstars in his hand ……walking among thewalking among the golden lampstandsgolden lampstands ““Long live Artemis of theLong live Artemis of the Ephesians” One of theEphesians” One of the seven wonders of theseven wonders of the ancient world.ancient world. The capital of ChristianThe capital of Christian Asia.Asia.
Ephesus: CommendationsEphesus: Commendations Rev 2:2-3,6Rev 2:2-3,6 Hard workHard work PerseverencePerseverence Staunch opposition to sin and false doctrineStaunch opposition to sin and false doctrine Nicolaitins Acts 6:5?Nicolaitins Acts 6:5? They had not grown wearyThey had not grown weary Q: Is this possible, even when we have lostQ: Is this possible, even when we have lost our first love?our first love?
Ephesus: AdmonitionsEphesus: Admonitions Rev 2:4-5Rev 2:4-5 Remember, this is the church John himselfRemember, this is the church John himself was responsible for!was responsible for! Lost their first love.Lost their first love. Q: What, exactly, had they lost? What wasQ: What, exactly, had they lost? What was their day-to-day Christian life like?their day-to-day Christian life like? The solution: Remember and repent!The solution: Remember and repent! Do what you did at first. Do itDo what you did at first. Do it the waythe way you didyou did it at first.it at first.
Revelation 2:8-11 SmyrnaRevelation 2:8-11 Smyrna
Smyrna: Commendations OnlySmyrna: Commendations Only Rev 2:9 Poor but rich.Rev 2:9 Poor but rich. Q: Do you feel poor? Why? Do you feel rich?Q: Do you feel poor? Why? Do you feel rich? Why?Why? The Synagogue of Satan Jewish persecution.The Synagogue of Satan Jewish persecution. 1 Tim 6:6-101 Tim 6:6-10 Admonition: Stay faithful, even unto death …Admonition: Stay faithful, even unto death … you will receive a crownyou will receive a crown ……you will be untouched by the second deathyou will be untouched by the second death (Rev 20:14)(Rev 20:14)
Revelation 2:12-17 PergamumRevelation 2:12-17 Pergamum
PergamumPergamum Largest city in Asia atLargest city in Asia at the timethe time Capital of Roman powerCapital of Roman power Seat of paganism inSeat of paganism in IoniaIonia ““Throne” of Satan =Throne” of Satan = Temple of ZeusTemple of Zeus Pergamum LibraryPergamum Library
Pergamum: CommendationsPergamum: Commendations Rev 2:12 the sharp, double-edged sword.Rev 2:12 the sharp, double-edged sword. Watch out!Watch out! 2:13 Pergamum is a tough city to build a2:13 Pergamum is a tough city to build a church!church! How would you like to live where Satan lives?How would you like to live where Satan lives? You have endured extreme persecutionYou have endured extreme persecution Antipas witness = martarusAntipas witness = martarus
Pergamum: WarningsPergamum: Warnings SomeSome hold to Balaam’s teaching.hold to Balaam’s teaching. SomeSome hold to the teachings of the Nicolaitinshold to the teachings of the Nicolaitins Their problem: lack of church disciplineTheir problem: lack of church discipline Q: Is tolerance a Christian virtue?Q: Is tolerance a Christian virtue? Q: Does Jesus get angry?Q: Does Jesus get angry? God expects the church to discipline theseGod expects the church to discipline these teachers. Q: Why doesn’t he just deal withteachers. Q: Why doesn’t he just deal with them?them?
Pergamum: ReassurancePergamum: Reassurance Rev 2:17Rev 2:17 Hidden mannaHidden manna A white stoneA white stone Symbol of acquittal in a trialSymbol of acquittal in a trial Symbol of being freed from slaverySymbol of being freed from slavery A name known only to him who receives it.A name known only to him who receives it.
Revelation 2:18-29 ThyatiraRevelation 2:18-29 Thyatira Hephaestus: the god of the foundry
ThyatiraThyatira Thyatira a city of trades and unions/guildsThyatira a city of trades and unions/guilds Specialized in purple cloth (Lydia)Specialized in purple cloth (Lydia) Specialized in bronze craftSpecialized in bronze craft Being in a guild required participation in paganBeing in a guild required participation in pagan sacrifices, including fornication.sacrifices, including fornication.
Thyatira: CommendationThyatira: Commendation Jesus: Eyes like blazing fire, feet likeJesus: Eyes like blazing fire, feet like burnished bronze.burnished bronze. Rev 2:19Rev 2:19 GivingGiving ServingServing Growing!Growing! But…. The seeds of spiritual disaster hadBut…. The seeds of spiritual disaster had already been planted!already been planted!
Thyratira: WarningsThyratira: Warnings Rev 2:20 You tolerate that woman JezebelRev 2:20 You tolerate that woman Jezebel Probably a prominent and charismatic womanProbably a prominent and charismatic woman Her sin? Probably encouraging participationHer sin? Probably encouraging participation in the idolatry required to keep a job in one ofin the idolatry required to keep a job in one of the trades in Thyratirathe trades in Thyratira Those who “committed adultery” with her andThose who “committed adultery” with her and “her children” are those who accepted her“her children” are those who accepted her teaching.teaching. A warning against divisivenessA warning against divisiveness
Thyratira: Warnings and EncouragementThyratira: Warnings and Encouragement Rev 2:21-23Rev 2:21-23 I have given her time to repentI have given her time to repent I will deal with Jezebel (unlike in Pergamum)I will deal with Jezebel (unlike in Pergamum) 2:24 “deep teaching” a reference to Gnosticism2:24 “deep teaching” a reference to Gnosticism 2:25 Assurance: Hold on until the end… I will2:25 Assurance: Hold on until the end… I will give you authority over nations (1 Cor 6:2-4)give you authority over nations (1 Cor 6:2-4)
Revelation 3:1-6 SardisRevelation 3:1-6 Sardis
SardisSardis Capital of Lydia and of King CroesusCapital of Lydia and of King Croesus On a very steep mountain—thought to beOn a very steep mountain—thought to be impregnableimpregnable Nevertheless, conquered by Cyrus 549 BCNevertheless, conquered by Cyrus 549 BC Conquered by Antiochus III 218 BCConquered by Antiochus III 218 BC A symbol of overconfidence and unjustifiedA symbol of overconfidence and unjustified pride. Living on past greatness.pride. Living on past greatness. Famous for robbers.Famous for robbers.
Sardis: Warnings First!Sardis: Warnings First! Rev 3:1 You have a great reputation, but youRev 3:1 You have a great reputation, but you are dead, spiritually!are dead, spiritually! Their problem was not sin, per se, but lack ofTheir problem was not sin, per se, but lack of doing things God expected them to do.doing things God expected them to do. Q: What about you?Q: What about you? Rev 3:2 Solution? WAKE UP!!!! (Hebrews 2:1)Rev 3:2 Solution? WAKE UP!!!! (Hebrews 2:1) Remember, obey and repent.Remember, obey and repent. I will come like a thiefI will come like a thief
Sardis: EncouragementSardis: Encouragement No encouragement to the church as a wholeNo encouragement to the church as a whole 3:4 Yet you have a few in Sardis…3:4 Yet you have a few in Sardis… Even in a dead church, some will be alive.Even in a dead church, some will be alive. Despite what Jesus is saying to the churches,Despite what Jesus is saying to the churches, we are saved individually.we are saved individually. 3:5 To all disciples: He who overcomes will,3:5 To all disciples: He who overcomes will, like the few faithful Sardisians, be dressed inlike the few faithful Sardisians, be dressed in white.white.
Revelation 3:7-13 PhiladelphiaRevelation 3:7-13 Philadelphia
PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia A significant Jewish population. TheA significant Jewish population. The Synagogue of SatanSynagogue of Satan Rev 3:7 Jesus holds the key of David.Rev 3:7 Jesus holds the key of David. Isaiah 22:21-22 A messianic prophecyIsaiah 22:21-22 A messianic prophecy
Philadelphia: Encouragements OnlyPhiladelphia: Encouragements Only Rev 3:8 You are small and weak, but you areRev 3:8 You are small and weak, but you are doing great!doing great! 3:9 You are the true Jews3:9 You are the true Jews The Jews will fall at your feet some day. Wow!The Jews will fall at your feet some day. Wow! I will give you a crownI will give you a crown I will make you a pillarI will make you a pillar You will never again have to leave itYou will never again have to leave it Your will have a new name.Your will have a new name. All these are relevant to specifics of PhiladelphiaAll these are relevant to specifics of Philadelphia
Revelation 3:14-22 LaodiceaRevelation 3:14-22 Laodicea
LaodiceaLaodicea A center of banking. A very rich cityA center of banking. A very rich city A center of the wool industry. Black wool.A center of the wool industry. Black wool. Most famous school of Medicine. Famous forMost famous school of Medicine. Famous for their eye salve.their eye salve. All these are used by Jesus in his admonitionAll these are used by Jesus in his admonition
Laodicea: Warnings OnlyLaodicea: Warnings Only Their sin? Lukewarmness. HypocrisyTheir sin? Lukewarmness. Hypocrisy Jesus: You make me want to throw up!Jesus: You make me want to throw up! Wouldn’t it be better to be a half-heartedWouldn’t it be better to be a half-hearted Christian than a blatant pagan?Christian than a blatant pagan? Why not?Why not?
Laodicea: Lukewarm ChristianityLaodicea: Lukewarm Christianity Rev 3:17 How do we become lukewarm?Rev 3:17 How do we become lukewarm? By relying on self rather than God.By relying on self rather than God. You say you are richYou say you are rich You say you need nothing (from God)You say you need nothing (from God) Q: Do they actually say this?Q: Do they actually say this? Reality check: You are wretched, pitiful, poor,Reality check: You are wretched, pitiful, poor, blind and naked.blind and naked.
Laodicea: It’s Not Too Late!Laodicea: It’s Not Too Late! 1. Admit you are wretched, pitiful, poor blind1. Admit you are wretched, pitiful, poor blind and naked.and naked. 2. Rev 3:18 Buy gold from Jesus.2. Rev 3:18 Buy gold from Jesus. 3. Apply the eye-salve of Jesus John 9:313. Apply the eye-salve of Jesus John 9:31 Q: Do you need some of this salve to seeQ: Do you need some of this salve to see your need for God?your need for God? 4. Rev 3:19 Accept God’s rebuke and4. Rev 3:19 Accept God’s rebuke and disciplinediscipline
Laodicea: SummaryLaodicea: Summary Repent!Repent! I stand at the door and knock.I stand at the door and knock. Jesus is waiting, but he will not force hisJesus is waiting, but he will not force his people to eat with him.people to eat with him. Does this prove that we can pray Jesus intoDoes this prove that we can pray Jesus into our hearts?our hearts? Message of Revelation: To him whoMessage of Revelation: To him who overcomes, I will give the right to sit with meovercomes, I will give the right to sit with me on my throneon my throne We are about to get a view of that throne!We are about to get a view of that throne!
Revelation Chapter 4Revelation Chapter 4 Enter the Throne RoomEnter the Throne Room
Revelation Chapter 4Revelation Chapter 4 Now the visions begin.Now the visions begin. Be prepared to use your imagination.Be prepared to use your imagination. Rev 4:1 John sees a door open in heaven.Rev 4:1 John sees a door open in heaven. How does the vision begin? God is on hisHow does the vision begin? God is on his throne!!!!!!throne!!!!!!
The Throne RoomThe Throne Room Jasper white HolinessJasper white Holiness Carnelian red JusticeCarnelian red Justice Rainbow God’s promise/covenantRainbow God’s promise/covenant
The Throne Room (cont.)The Throne Room (cont.) Rev 4:4 24 elders: 12 tribes and 12 apostlesRev 4:4 24 elders: 12 tribes and 12 apostles The 24 elders is, in essence us—God’s people.The 24 elders is, in essence us—God’s people. Symbolism in Rev 4 & 5 is of the tabernacle.Symbolism in Rev 4 & 5 is of the tabernacle. Rev 4:5 thunder, etc. Like Exodus 19:6Rev 4:5 thunder, etc. Like Exodus 19:6 Rev 4:6 Sea of crystal = separation of holyRev 4:6 Sea of crystal = separation of holy from profane.from profane. Rev 4:6b-4 Four living creatures = cherubim =Rev 4:6b-4 Four living creatures = cherubim = protecting the holiness of God.protecting the holiness of God.
The Throne Room (cont.)The Throne Room (cont.) The four creatures: Eyes = vigilanceThe four creatures: Eyes = vigilance Garden of Eden Curtain in the Tabernacle.Garden of Eden Curtain in the Tabernacle. Isaiah 6:2 Ezek 1:5-14 Ezekiel 10Isaiah 6:2 Ezek 1:5-14 Ezekiel 10 Lion Ox Man EagleLion Ox Man Eagle Rev 4:8-11 Q: What impression of God doesRev 4:8-11 Q: What impression of God does this give you?this give you?
Revelation CH 4 & 5Revelation CH 4 & 5 John 14:1John 14:1 Ch 4 Trust in GodCh 4 Trust in God Ch 5 Trust also in meCh 5 Trust also in me Throughout the rest of the visions,Throughout the rest of the visions, remember Ch 4 & 5. It is theremember Ch 4 & 5. It is the background.background.
Revelation Ch. 5 The Lion and the LambRevelation Ch. 5 The Lion and the Lamb A scroll with sevenA scroll with seven seals which no one wasseals which no one was worthy to open.worthy to open. Sealed = something toSealed = something to be revealedbe revealed 7 seals = completely7 seals = completely sealed.sealed.
Enter: Jesus ChristEnter: Jesus Christ Jesus is a lion Q: What image comes to mind?Jesus is a lion Q: What image comes to mind? Jesus is the Root of Jesse MessiahJesus is the Root of Jesse Messiah Jesus is triumphantJesus is triumphant Jesus is a lamb Q: What image comes to mind?Jesus is a lamb Q: What image comes to mind? 7 horns = perfect in power7 horns = perfect in power 7 eyes = perfect in knowledge7 eyes = perfect in knowledge
Worship the Lamb who was slainWorship the Lamb who was slain The most amazing worship service ever!The most amazing worship service ever! Harps = singing to the LambHarps = singing to the Lamb Incense = prayers of the saintsIncense = prayers of the saints Rev 5:9-14 A New Song (compare to the SongRev 5:9-14 A New Song (compare to the Song of Moses Exodus 15)of Moses Exodus 15) Theme of the song: Worthy is the LambTheme of the song: Worthy is the Lamb He has made a kingdom of priests Exodus 19:6He has made a kingdom of priests Exodus 19:6 has been fulfilled!has been fulfilled! v. 11,13 hundted of millions of angels and allv. 11,13 hundted of millions of angels and all creation worship the lamb.creation worship the lamb.
Revelation 6 The Lamb opens the ScrollRevelation 6 The Lamb opens the Scroll Now the action really begins!Now the action really begins! Structure of Revelation 6-16:Structure of Revelation 6-16: Seven seals Revelation 6-7 Seven trumpets Revelation 8-9 Seven symbolic creatures Revelation 10-15 Seven bowls Revelation 15-16
The Seven SealsThe Seven Seals God’s Judgment on the Roman PersecutorsGod’s Judgment on the Roman Persecutors Revelation 6:1 Come!!! Come see the vision.Revelation 6:1 Come!!! Come see the vision. Hoofbeats are heard in the distanceHoofbeats are heard in the distance The Four Horsemen
The Four HorsemenThe Four Horsemen
Revelation 6 Four HorsemenRevelation 6 Four Horsemen Seal #1 A rider on a white horse. Jesus comes as aSeal #1 A rider on a white horse. Jesus comes as a conqueror. A crown and a bow. A Parthian symbol ofconqueror. A crown and a bow. A Parthian symbol of victory (over Rome)victory (over Rome) Seal #2 Red horse = War “the power to take peaceSeal #2 Red horse = War “the power to take peace from the earth.” Represents persecution to the church.from the earth.” Represents persecution to the church. Seal #3 Black horse = Famine Scale to measure food.Seal #3 Black horse = Famine Scale to measure food. Oil and wine available: The rich are still doing fine.Oil and wine available: The rich are still doing fine. Represents financial depravity due to persecution of theRepresents financial depravity due to persecution of the church.church. Seal #4 Pale yellow-green horse = Death EzekielSeal #4 Pale yellow-green horse = Death Ezekiel 14:12-20. Represents martyrdom to the church.14:12-20. Represents martyrdom to the church.
Revelation 6 The first six sealsRevelation 6 The first six seals Q: How do you feel about persecution for preaching theQ: How do you feel about persecution for preaching the gospel?gospel? Rev 6:9-11 The fifth sealRev 6:9-11 The fifth seal. Martyrs before the throne of. Martyrs before the throne of God.God. How long… before God judges the wicked?How long… before God judges the wicked? Retribution for God’s people Psalm 94:1-3 Rev 11:7-18Retribution for God’s people Psalm 94:1-3 Rev 11:7-18 Rev 16:5-6Rev 16:5-6 Do you long to see vengeance on God’s enemies?Do you long to see vengeance on God’s enemies? God’s answer: Rev 6:11 Not yet. There are moreGod’s answer: Rev 6:11 Not yet. There are more martyrs to follow you.martyrs to follow you.
The Sixth Seal: The Day of the LordThe Sixth Seal: The Day of the Lord Rev 6:12-17 The sixth seal.Rev 6:12-17 The sixth seal. Earthquake, sun turns black, moon turns red,Earthquake, sun turns black, moon turns red, stars fall from the sky, the sky recedes like astars fall from the sky, the sky recedes like a scroll and the mountains removed. Everyonescroll and the mountains removed. Everyone hides in caves and among the rocks.hides in caves and among the rocks. Judgment is coming. The Day of the Lord isJudgment is coming. The Day of the Lord is here. Hide!here. Hide! Rev 6:17 Who can stand under this? Answer:Rev 6:17 Who can stand under this? Answer: Revelation 7!Revelation 7!
Revelation 7Revelation 7 Interlude: The Saints are SealedInterlude: The Saints are Sealed Four angels hold back the winds. Winds = the action ofFour angels hold back the winds. Winds = the action of God to judge his enemies. Daniel 7:1God to judge his enemies. Daniel 7:1 An angel from the East.An angel from the East. The sealing of the 144,000The sealing of the 144,000 Ezekiel 9:1-6Ezekiel 9:1-6 Seal = ownershipSeal = ownership 12 x 12 x 10 x 10 x 10 All of God’s people. Every single12 x 12 x 10 x 10 x 10 All of God’s people. Every single one!!!one!!! A multitude no one could count is the same people:A multitude no one could count is the same people: Those saved from the coming wrath of God.Those saved from the coming wrath of God.
The 144,000 SealedThe 144,000 Sealed Q: Does this sealing mean that the disciplesQ: Does this sealing mean that the disciples will escape the suffering brought on by thewill escape the suffering brought on by the tribulation? (Ezekiel 9:1-6)tribulation? (Ezekiel 9:1-6) White robes = pure, forgiven, righteousWhite robes = pure, forgiven, righteous Palm branches = joy The Feast of TabernaclesPalm branches = joy The Feast of Tabernacles Celebrating salvation and living in aCelebrating salvation and living in a relationship with God.relationship with God. Rev 7:10-15 A worship serviceRev 7:10-15 A worship service An elder: Who are these people? John: YouAn elder: Who are these people? John: You know!know! Rev 7:15 God spreads his tabernacle over us.Rev 7:15 God spreads his tabernacle over us.
Revelation 8 & 9 The Seven TrumpetsRevelation 8 & 9 The Seven Trumpets Rev 8:1 The seventh seal is the sevenRev 8:1 The seventh seal is the seven trumpetstrumpets Trumpets:Trumpets: Warning of impending judgmentWarning of impending judgment Feast of Trumpets /Yom Teruah /Rosh HashanahFeast of Trumpets /Yom Teruah /Rosh Hashanah Rabbis: Stay awake all nightRabbis: Stay awake all night Numbers 10 Sound the warningNumbers 10 Sound the warning Matthew 25:32-31 1 Thess 4:13-14Matthew 25:32-31 1 Thess 4:13-14 All this applies to Rev Ch 8-9All this applies to Rev Ch 8-9
Revelation 8 Judgment on theRevelation 8 Judgment on the PersecutorsPersecutors Rev 8:1 Silence in heaven for ½ hour God is stillRev 8:1 Silence in heaven for ½ hour God is still holding back his judgment. 2 Pet 3:9 Ezek 33:11holding back his judgment. 2 Pet 3:9 Ezek 33:11 Rev 8:3-5 What are the saints praying for? They areRev 8:3-5 What are the saints praying for? They are praying for God to take vengeance on the Romanpraying for God to take vengeance on the Roman persecutors. (Rev 6:10)persecutors. (Rev 6:10) God’s response: Don’t make the mistake of going afterGod’s response: Don’t make the mistake of going after my Saints. Rome made a big mistake when she did.my Saints. Rome made a big mistake when she did. 8:5 Thunder, rumblings, lightning and an earthquake.8:5 Thunder, rumblings, lightning and an earthquake. Judgment is coming!Judgment is coming!
Revelation 8 The First Four TrumpetsRevelation 8 The First Four Trumpets Rev 8:7 Trumpet #1 Hail, fire and blood Egypt plagueRev 8:7 Trumpet #1 Hail, fire and blood Egypt plague #7 God goes after the crops of the persecutors of his#7 God goes after the crops of the persecutors of his saints.saints. 1/3 = a limited judgment1/3 = a limited judgment Rev 8:8-9 Trumpet #2 Sea turns to blood Plague #1Rev 8:8-9 Trumpet #2 Sea turns to blood Plague #1 God goes after the means of commerce Jer 51:25God goes after the means of commerce Jer 51:25 Rev 8:10-11 Trumpet #3 Wormwood God goes afterRev 8:10-11 Trumpet #3 Wormwood God goes after the fresh water. Jer 9:15the fresh water. Jer 9:15 Rev 8:12 Trumpet #4 God goes after the heavenlyRev 8:12 Trumpet #4 God goes after the heavenly objects. Plague #9 Isaiah 34:4-5 Joel 2:10objects. Plague #9 Isaiah 34:4-5 Joel 2:10
Rev 8:13 Woe!Rev 8:13 Woe! An Eagle saysAn Eagle says woe, woe, woe.woe, woe, woe. Three woes areThree woes are coming (trumpetcoming (trumpet #5,6,7)#5,6,7) Trumpet #1-4Trumpet #1-4 Judgments on theJudgments on the earth. Trumpetearth. Trumpet #5,6 Judgment on#5,6 Judgment on peoplepeople
Revelation 9 Trumpet #5,6 Woes!Revelation 9 Trumpet #5,6 Woes! Rev 9:1-12 Trumpet #5. First of two judgments onRev 9:1-12 Trumpet #5. First of two judgments on men. Locusts (plague #8)men. Locusts (plague #8) Fallen Star = Satan who holds the key to the AbyssFallen Star = Satan who holds the key to the Abyss Locusts = Demons who torment those who do notLocusts = Demons who torment those who do not worship God.worship God. Q: Can a Christian be possessed by a demon?Q: Can a Christian be possessed by a demon? v. 5-6 Their sin will cause the sinful to loathv. 5-6 Their sin will cause the sinful to loath themselves. Can you relate?themselves. Can you relate?
Trumpet #5 (cont.)Trumpet #5 (cont.) v. 7-10 Bizarre locusts!!!v. 7-10 Bizarre locusts!!! Satan is their king!Satan is their king! Ephesians 2:2 The ruler of theEphesians 2:2 The ruler of the kingdom of the airkingdom of the air John 14:30 The prince of thisJohn 14:30 The prince of this world.world. Summers: “The locustsSummers: “The locusts represent the hellishrepresent the hellish rottenness, the internalrottenness, the internal decadence in the Romandecadence in the Roman Empire.”Empire.”
Revelation 9:13-20 Woe #2Revelation 9:13-20 Woe #2 War comes to RomeWar comes to Rome 9:14 bound at the River Euphrates = Parthia:9:14 bound at the River Euphrates = Parthia: the chief military rival of Rome.the chief military rival of Rome. Q: Will the church suffer because of thisQ: Will the church suffer because of this warfare?warfare? Rev 9:21 A depressing result. Rome did notRev 9:21 A depressing result. Rome did not repent. It is time for the 7repent. It is time for the 7thth trumpet and thetrumpet and the seven bowls!seven bowls!
Revelation 9:13-20 Trumpet #6Revelation 9:13-20 Trumpet #6