APFC project presentation

APFC project presentation

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  PROJECT PRESENTATION ON AUTOMATICPOWER FACTOR CORRECTION GUIDED BY:- Dr. BARUN MONDAL, Asst. prof. EE Department Presented By:- DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Kalyani Govt. Engineering College 1. Atanu Chakraborty (10201615057) 2. Kartick Manna (10201615060) 3. Koushik Garai (10201615061) 4. Santu Sutradhar (10201615071)
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  CONTENTS:  Introduction  Blockdiagram  Detailed Block diagram  Working principle  Power supply circuit  Power factor measurement circuit  Circuit Diagram of ZCD  XOR Gate Generates Pulse  Micro Controller  LCD  Relay  Capacitor Bank  Advantage  Disadvantage  Applications  Conclusion
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  INTRODUCTION:  This projectreport represents one of the most effective automatic power factor improvements.  Static capacitors which will be controlled by a Microcontroller with very low cost.  Power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC.  Potential Transformer and Current Transformer are used for pf measurement  Here one of the most popular Microcontroller is used i.e. Arduino ATmega328
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  Source 230VAC POWER FACTOR MEASURMENT CIRCUIT LCD Display Micro controller RelayCapacitorBankLOAD Power Supply 230V AC - 5V DC communication BLOCK DIAGRAM
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  Circuit Diagram
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  Working Principle:  Powersupply is given to the circuit.  Power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC.  In case of deviations , microcontroller activates relay.  Relay senses and connects the capacitor.  The capacitor is connected parallel across the load by relay without any hazard.  The APFC unit controls PF by activating/deactivating capacitors.
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  Power Supply Circuit Step-down Transformer  Diode Rectifier  Filtering Capacitor  Voltage Regulator
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  POWER FACTOR MEARSURMENTCIRCUIT Potential Transformer Current Transformer Zero Crossing Detector
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  Circuit Diagram ofZCD
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  XOR gate generatespulse Φ=(t/T)*360
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  MICRO COTROLLER: A MicrocontrollerContains:  The processor (The CPU),  Program memory,  Memory for input and output(RAM),  A clock and an I/O control unit.  Microcontroller it is an electronic clock driven reprogrammable device which can take some digital data , process the data and gives us to required output data.
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  Features of theATmega328
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  Algorithm of Microcontroller ReadVoltage and Current Calculate PF PF<PFmin? PF>Pfmax? Switch on one capacitor Switch off one capacitor Yes Yes No No
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  LCD:  A liquidcrystal display (LCD) is a flat paneldisplay  It uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs).  LCDsApplications:  Computer monitors,  Television,  Instrument panels,signage, etc.  LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications.
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  RELAY:
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  WORKING OF RELAY: A relay is an electrically operated switch.  The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches.  Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first.  It is also known as a sensing device.
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  Capacitor Bank A capacitorbank is a group of several capacitors of the same rating that are connected in series or parallel with each other to store electrical energy . The resulting bank is then used to counteract(resist) or correct a power factor lag or phase shift in an alternative current (AC) power supply. They can also be used in a direct current (DC) power supply to increase the ripple current capacity of the power supply or to increase the overall amount of stored energy. Capacitor banks are generally used in substations. Since most of the household and industrial appliances are either resistive(eg. incandescent light, heater, etc.) or inductive(e.g. refrigerator, air-conditioner, motor, etc). The capacitive load of the capacitor bank will help to adjust the power factor as close to 1 as possible, in which case the voltage and current are in phase and deliver maximum usable power to the load.
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  Advantage
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  Disadvantage They have shortservice life. They are easily damaged if the voltage exceeds the rated value Once the capacitor is damaged, their repair is uneconomical.
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  Applications:  To improvepower factor of inductive load such as Induction Motors A high power factor is generally desirable in a transmission system to reduce transmission losses and improve voltage. It provides good voltage regulation and can be used at substation
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  CONCLUSIONS  This papershows an efficient technique to improve the power factor of a power system by an economical way.  Static capacitors are invariably used for power factor improvement in factories or distribution line. But this paper presents a system that uses capacitors only when power factor is low otherwise they are cut off from line. Thus it not only improves the power factor but also increases the life time of static capacitors.  For high rating load this capacitor method may be insufficient and we can use Synchronous machine for that. We can control the excitation of the synchronous machine in order to control power factor of the load
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  References We get theidea from the following sources 1. www.google.com 2.www.wikipedia.org 3.Global Journal of Researches in Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering 4.International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 4, October 2013 5.https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2011/03/20/automaticpower-factor- correction/ 6.http://microcontrollerslab.com/automatic-power-factor-controllerusing-pic- microcontroller/ 7. http://www.edgefxkits.com/minimizing-penalty-in-industrialpower-consumption-by- engaging-apfc-unit