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Antihypertensives drugs

The document classifies drugs used to treat hypertension into 9 categories based on their mechanisms of action. These categories include drugs that act centrally, on autonomic ganglia, on postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings, on adrenergic receptors, directly on vascular smooth muscle, as potassium channel activators, by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, oral diuretics, and miscellaneous drugs. Examples are provided for each category of antihypertensive drugs.

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CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES DRUGS PRESENTED BY:- Dr Nikhil Bansal J.N.M.C.,Wardha
The drugs used in the treatment of hypertension act by reducing the cardiac output and/or reducing the total peripheral resistance, without correcting the cause.
CLASSIFICATION:- 1)Drugs acting centrally. 2)Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia. 3)Drugs acting on the postganglionic sympathetic nerve ending. 4)Drugs acting on the adrenergic receptors. 5)Drugs acting on the vascular smooth muscle. 6)Potassium channel activators. 7)Drugs which block renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. 8)Oral diuretics. 9)Miscellaneous.
Drugs acting centrally:- (a)Alpha2 adrenergic receptor stimulants:- eg:- Clonidine and methyldopa (b) Selective imidazole receptor (I- receptor) Stimulant:- eg:- Moxonidine
Drugs acting on the autonomic ganglion:- Ganglion blocking agents eg:- Trimethaphan
Drugs acting on the postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings:- (a) Adrenergic neuron blockers eg:- Guaenethidine, Bethanidine, Debrisoquine, Bretylium. (b) Catecholamine depletors eg:- Reserpine
Drugs acting on adrenergic receptors :- (a) Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents eg:- Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosine, Indoramine. (b) Beta-adrenergic blocking agents eg:- Propranol, Atenolol, Metopprolol. (c) Both alpha and beta adrenergic blocking drugs eg:- Labetalol
Drugs acting directly on the vascular smooth muscle:- (a)Arteriolar vasodilators eg:- Calcium channel blockers, Hydralazine, Diazoxide, Minoxidil (b) Arteriolar-venular vasodilators eg:-Sodium nitroprusside
. Potassium channel activators:- eg:-Diazoxide, Minoxidil, Pinacidil, Nicorandil.
Drugs which block renin-angiotensin- aldosterone axis:- (a)Those which block renin release eg:- Beta-adrenergic blockers (b) Those which block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II:- These drugs act by inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) eg:- Captopril, Enalapril (c) Those which competitively block angiotensin II vascular receptors (ARB): eg;- Losartan. (d) Those which counterer the action of aldosterone (Aldosterone antagonist):- eg:- Spironolactone.
Oral diuretics:- eg:-Thiazides Miscellaneous:- eg:- Metyrosine
It must be emphasized that various antihypertensive drugs may ultimately reduce BP in humans by more than one mechanism.
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