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Algorithm and flowchart

The document introduces algorithms and flowcharts as essential tools in programming, explaining their definitions, properties, and applications. It provides examples of algorithms for basic arithmetic and even/odd checking, alongside merits and demerits of flowcharts. Additionally, it discusses common flowchart symbols and their functions, highlighting the impact of these tools on programming efficiency and clarity.

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Algorithm and Flowchart 1 Presented by: The Anonymous BSc.CSIT 1st semester
What is algorithm ? Properties of algorithm What is flowchart ? Merits of flowchart Demerits of flowchart Algorithm and Flowchart in Coding References Queries 2
What is an algorithm ? Named after Persian mathematician Mohammad Al- Khwarizmi A sequential solution of any problem Written in human understandable form Requires a clear understanding of the problem 3
Example: 1. Algorithm for sum of two numbers Step 1: Start Step 2: Enter two numbers in a and b Step 3: Add a and b and store in c Step 4: Display c Step 5: End 4
2. Algorithm to check whether the input number is even or odd Step 1: Start Step 2: Enter a number in a Step 3: Check if it is even or odd Step 4: If even print “even” (a mod 2 = 0 ) Step 5: Else print “odd” Step 6: End 5
Properties of algorithm Finiteness Properly defined Input Output Effectiveness Independent to any other programming language 6
7 Now moving on to next programming tool
What is flowchart? Diagrammatic representation of algorithm An important programming tool Solving a problem using figures Different figures having different functions 8
Merits of flowchart •Easy to explain program logic •Makes coding effective and faster •Effective communication •Different symbols used •Serve as documentation •Easy to detect, locate and remove bugs in a program 9
Time consuming and monotonous job Difficult to maintain Occupies space while documentation Translation to computer program is difficult 10
11 But what might be the symbols used in flowchart?
Symbol Function Description Start/End Start and end point Input/output Input and output operations Processing operation Editing and calculation of data Decision Check logical condition Connector Indicates logical flow from one page to another Direction of logic Direction of flow of logic Comment Indicates any comments for explanatory notes 12
Example 1: Flowchart add sum of two numbers 13 START Input a and b C = a + b Display c END User can enter any two numbers
Example 2: Flowchart to check whether the input number is even or odd 14 START Accept a number Divide it by 2 END Is remainder = 0 ? Display odd Display even YesNo START Accept a number
15 Using Algorithm and Flowchart in Coding Coding Enter numbers in a and b: 5 6 Displayed c: 11
References: Websites: google.com wikipedia.com linkedin.com External sources: Text book: Fundamentals of computer programming 16
Queries 17