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8 6. Structure and function of plant organs

This document summarizes the structure and function of various plant organs including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. It describes that roots have fibrous or tap structures and function to absorb water and minerals. Stems transport water and nutrients and provide structure. Leaves carry out photosynthesis using chloroplasts and stomata. Flowers are reproductive organs that produce fruits containing seeds, which can grow into new plants.

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Chapter 6 Structure and Function of Plant Organs Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Plants Organs Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Root Root Structure 1. Morphology Devided 2 types; Monocotyledon such as Corn, Sugarcane, Coconut, their root type are fibrous root. Dicotyledon such as Mango and Chilies, their root type are tap root. Root can find the water in the soil, with the protector named Calyptras. Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Fibrous root Tap root Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
2. Anatomy Root divided into 3 parts ; a. Region of Maturation b. Region of Elongation c. Apical Meristem Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Parts of the Root •Epidermis •Cortex •Endodermis •Stele Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Function of Root The main function is to absorb water and minerals which is dissolved inside from the soil To straighten the plant As the food storage in certain plants such as: Cassava, Carrots As vegetative reproduction organ, ex. spruce As respiration organ in Mangrove Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Stem • Stem was from a part of embryo in the seed. • Commonly, stem are heading up from the soil to the air. • As long as their growth period. Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Structure of Stem 1. Morphology • Hard • In young stem, there are some clorophile so they can do the photosynthesis • There are some small dots in certain parts of stem, called Lenticels • Monocotyledon and Dicotyl difference in branching of the stem Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Dicotyl stem Monocotyl stem Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
2. Anatomy Have similarities with root ; Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Stele Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Factors of Dicotyl Monocotyl Differentiation Stem Stem Place of the In Order Spread Veins Cambium There is for No secondary growing Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Function of Stem • As the way to deliver water, mineral, and photosynthesis results • As the place to attach the leaves • As respiration system in Lenticels • To direct the leaves to light source such as Phototropic activity Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
• In certain plants stem used for a special purpose such as: As the food storage such as Sagoo, Sugarcane As water storage such as Cactus As reproduction system such as Tapioca Tree Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Leaves • Leaves was from a part of embryo in the seed which is cotyledon • The green color came from the chlorophyll Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Structure of Leaves 1. Morphology • Consist of leaf midrib, petiole, leaf blade • A complete leaf can be founded in areca nut leaves • There are so many forms of leaves • Circular • Oval • Shield-Shaped • Ribbon-Shaped Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Anatomy of Leaves • Cuticle Layer • Upper epidermis • Mesophyll • Vascular bundles • Lower epidermis Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Leaf in Photosynthesis Activity • Usually the water was extracted through 2 ways: • Vaporization through process of transpiration • Water molecules through process of • Transpiration through stomata • Stomata came from Greek language meaning mouth, stomata is the plural version of stoma Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
About Stomata • Usually Stomata was placed in epidermis layer of leaf wherever lower or upper layer • Stoma consist 2 closing cells/ guarding cells/ cell protector shape like liver and had many chlorophyll • There are little amount of closing cells than the total of epidermis cells in the layer Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Function of Leaf • As we know, leaf act as the place for the Photosynthesis • The chlorophyll in the leaf was one of the required component for the process of Photosynthesis • Also as Transpiration and Respiration Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Transpiration • The vaporization of the water through stomata, cuticle layer, and lenticels • The truth is, transpiration happen in all parts of the plant, but the biggest transpiration process is in leaf • Why in leaf? Because leaves layer are the widest surface between the others • Transpiration in day times are much more through stomata • In night, through cuticle Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Flower • Flower is a reproduction organ in the plants generatively in Angiosperm plants • In Gymnosperm plants, it called strobilus Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Fruits Parts of Fruit  Epicarp as the outer layer of fruit  Mesocarp as middle layer which is thick part of fruit  Endocarp the inner layer of fruit  Seed as the core of the fruit Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Types of Fruit • ‘Real Fruit’ such as Papaya, mango, and durian. • ‘Artificial Fruit’ such as Jackfruit, apple, and pineapples. • ‘Simple Fruit’ such as tomato and soya bean. • ‘Double Fruit’ such as Strawberries. • ‘Compound Fruit’ such as Pineapples. Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Function of Fruit • As the food storage • To radiate the plants • To attract the bird to eat them along the hard seed • Then bird’s feces made a new individual seed • Then the seed grow as a new plant Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Seed • Part of the plant made from the results of fertilization • Which is placed in the ovaries • In the ovaries, there are ovules • In the ovules.. There are also the embryo as the candidate of new individual plant Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH
You can download this slide on http://www.slideshare.net/alfikesturi Or on http://www.authorstream.com/kesturi Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH