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The document discusses plantar fasciitis, flat feet, and claw foot. It provides details on causes, symptoms, and treatments for plantar fasciitis which include rest, orthotics, stretching exercises, and in some cases surgery. It defines three types of flat feet and describes causes such as heredity, medical disorders, muscle weakness. Treatments mentioned include orthotics, heel pads, physical therapy and low impact exercises. The document also briefly mentions claw foot and the phases of the gait cycle.

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Plantar Fasciitis Presenter: Dr Khansa Bakhsh Dr Umair Abu Bakar 6 September, 2023
Orthopedics lecture By DR KHANSA
Anything that irritates or damages your plantar fascia can cause plantar fasciitis, including: • Being on your feet all day for work • Playing sports • Exercising or working on a hard surface (like a warehouse floor or the sidewalk) • Exercising without stretching or warming up • Wearing shoes that don’t support your feet well enough (like flip flops or flat, flexible sneakers) • Walking or standing barefoot while you’re at home. Causes
Symptoms
TREATMENT • Analgesics (NSAIDS) • Rest • Icing your foot • Wearing supportive shoes • Orthotics or shoe inserts • Immobilization • Massage and exercises • Surgery
FLAT FOOT
Types of Flat Feet • Rigid Flat Feet: This is a condition in which the arch of the foot is entirely flat and does not move when the foot is pressed against the ground. • Flexible Flat Feet: This is a condition in which the foot arch flattens only when weight is placed on it. The arch then returns to its normal shape once weight is removed. • Congenital Flat Feet: This type of flat feet occurs from birth and can be caused by genetic factors, neuromuscular disorders, or other medical conditio
What causes Flat Feet? • Flat feet may be caused by hereditary characteristics. • It may also be caused by a number of medical disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and nerve damage. • Muscle weakness or tight tendons in the feet can cause the arches of the foot to collapse. • Wearing shoes with improper support may be a factor. • Age-related changes in the foot structure which may lead to flatfoot deformities.
SYPMTOMS • Having pain in the feet, ankles, or knees. • Unstable gait and difficulty with walking. • Swelling of the foot along the inner arch. • Low arches, or complete lack thereof when standing. • Difficulty standing on toes. • Pain in feet with prolonged standing or walking. • Abnormal rotation of the foot when weight is applied.
COMPLICATIONS • Pain or fatigue in the feet, ankles, or lower legs. • Difficulty with walking, running, and sporting activities. • Poor body postures due to lack of arch support leading to back pain or discomfort in other parts of the body, such as hips and knees. • Aching or burning sensations along the inside of the foot and ankle when standing for long periods of time. • Reduced range of motion in the ankle joint due to reduced flexibility and stability resulting in greater difficulty with balance when standing on one leg or uneven surfaces
Treatment • Orthotics: Non-custom, off-the-shelf arch supports can provide arch support, relieve strain on the pronated foot, reduce pain and improve functionality. • Heel pads: Properly placed heel pads in a shoe can help redistribute pressure away from painful flat foot areas while improving cushioning and providing better shock absorption. • Physical therapy: exercises that strengthen the muscles around the arch of your foot to support it and reduce strain on your feet when walking or standing for long periods of time. • Shoe modifications: Building up your shoes with an arch support insert • Low Impact Activities: Swimming, biking
Claw foot
Gait Cycle
Phases Of Gait