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04 OSHA Electrical and Constructions.ppt

04 OSHA Electrical and Constructions

Engineering◦
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 1 Electrical Safety - Construction
OSHA Office of Training & Education 2 Electricity - The Dangers • About 5 workers are electrocuted every week • Causes 12% of young worker workplace deaths • Takes very little electricity to cause harm • Significant risk of causing fires
OSHA Office of Training & Education 3 Electricity – How it Works • Electricity is the flow of energy from one place to another • Requires a source of power: usually a generating station • A flow of electrons (current) travels through a conductor
OSHA Office of Training & Education 4 Electrical Injuries There are four main types of electrical injuries: • Direct: Electrocution Death due to electrical shock Burns • Indirect - Falls
OSHA Office of Training & Education 5 Electrical Shock An electrical shock is received when electrical current passes through the body. You will get an electrical shock if a part of your body completes an electrical circuit by… • Touching a live wire and an electrical ground, or • Touching a live wire and another wire at a different voltage.
OSHA Office of Training & Education 6 Shock Severity • Severity of the shock depends on: Path of current through the body Amount of current flowing through the body (amps) Duration of the shocking current through the body, • LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD
OSHA Office of Training & Education 7 Burns • Most common shock-related injury • Occurs when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that is improperly used or maintained • Typically occurs on hands • Very serious injury that needs immediate attention
OSHA Office of Training & Education 8 Falls • Electric shock can also cause indirect injuries • Workers in elevated locations who experience a shock may fall, resulting in serious injury or death
OSHA Office of Training & Education 9 Electrical Hazards and How to Control Them Electrical accidents are caused by a combination of three factors: Unsafe equipment and/or installation, Workplaces made unsafe by the environment, and Unsafe work practices.
OSHA Office of Training & Education 10 Hazard – Exposed Electrical Parts Cover removed from wiring or breaker box
OSHA Office of Training & Education 11 Control – Isolate Electrical Parts • Use guards or barriers • Replace covers Guard live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more against accidental contact
OSHA Office of Training & Education 12 Hazard - Overhead Power Lines • Usually not insulated • Examples of equipment that can contact power lines:  Crane  Ladder  Scaffold  Backhoe  Scissors lift  Raised dump truck bed  Aluminum paint roller
OSHA Office of Training & Education 13 Control - Overhead Power Lines • Stay at least 10 feet away • Post warning signs • Assume that lines are energized • Use wood or fiberglass ladders, not metal • Power line workers need special training & PPE
OSHA Office of Training & Education 14 Hazard – Defective Cords & Wires • Plastic or rubber covering is missing • Damaged extension cords & tools
OSHA Office of Training & Education 15 Hazard – Damaged Cords • Cords can be damaged by: Aging Door or window edges Abrasion from adjacent materials Activity in the area • Improper use can cause shocks, burns or fire
OSHA Office of Training & Education 16 Grounding Grounding creates a low- resistance path from a tool to the earth to disperse unwanted current. When a short or lightning occurs, energy flows to the ground, protecting you from electrical shock, injury and death.
OSHA Office of Training & Education 17 Hazard – Improper Grounding • Tools plugged into improperly grounded circuits may become energized • Broken wire or plug on extension cord • Some of the most frequently violated OSHA standards
OSHA Office of Training & Education 18 Control – Use GFCI (ground-fault circuit interrupter) • Protects you from shock • Detects difference in current between the black and white wires • If ground fault detected, GFCI shuts off electricity in 1/40th of a second • Use GFCI’s on all 120-volt, single- phase, 15- and 20-ampere
OSHA Office of Training & Education 19 Power Tool Requirements • Have a three-wire cord with ground plugged into a grounded receptacle, or • Be double insulated, or • Be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer
OSHA Office of Training & Education 20 Preventing Electrical Hazards - Tools • Inspect tools before use • Use the right tool correctly • Protect your tools • Use double insulated tools Double Insulated marking
OSHA Office of Training & Education 21 Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist • Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses • Warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes • GFCI that shuts off a circuit
OSHA Office of Training & Education 22 Preventing Electrical Hazards - Planning • Plan your work with others • Plan to avoid falls • Plan to lock-out and tag- out equipment • Remove jewelry • Avoid wet conditions and overhead power lines
OSHA Office of Training & Education 23 Avoid Wet Conditions • If you touch a live wire or other electrical component while standing in even a small puddle of water you’ll get a shock. • Wet clothing, high humidity increase your chances of being electrocuted.
OSHA Office of Training & Education 24 Preventing Electrical Hazards - PPE • Proper foot protection (not tennis shoes) • Rubber insulating gloves, hoods, sleeves, matting, and blankets • Hard hat (insulated - nonconductive)
OSHA Office of Training & Education 25 Training • Deenergize electric equipment before inspecting or repairing • Using cords, cables, and electric tools that are in good repair • Lockout / Tagout recognition and procedures • Use appropriate protective equipment Train employees working with electric equipment in safe work practices, including:
OSHA Office of Training & Education 26 Summary Electrical equipment must be:  Listed and labeled  Free from hazards  Used in the proper manner If you use electrical tools you must be:  Protected from electrical shock  Provided necessary safety equipment