from operator import xor

message = "test"

message1 = 'test2'

print("message: ", message)

print("message1: ", message1)

print("test3")

print("test4")

print("test5", end='')

print("test6") # no new line

value = 0

if 0 == value:

print("value is zero")

else:

print("value is not zero")

number = 1

string = ''

stringMultipleLines = '''multiple lines

multiple lines2'''

multiple1, multiple2 = True, False

print("stringMultipleLines: ", stringMultipleLines)

print("multiple1: ", multiple1)

print("multiple2: ", multiple2)

# string methods

print(stringMultipleLines.find('lines')) # charAt()

print(stringMultipleLines.index("ul")) # indexOf()

print(len(stringMultipleLines)) # length()

strForReplace = "replace all these words"

print(strForReplace.replace("replace", "")) # replace()

print(str(number) + string) # str()

strForTrim = " test "

print(strForTrim.lstrip().rstrip(), end='')

print("addition") # trim()

boolean = None

boolean1 = False

boolean2 = 0

emptyList = []

emptyCollection = ()

a = b = c = d = 1

e = 2

print("a b c d e: ", a, b, c, d, e)

var = 0

var = "a"

print("var: ", var)

# List

# Unlike Java it can contain different types

list1 = []

list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 100, 200]

A = [1, 2, 3, 'tuna']

B = [1, 2, 3, "python", "tuna"]

C = [1, 2, 3, A, B]

print("C: ", C)

C.append("4") # list.add()

C.append("5") # list.add()

C.append("6") # list.add()

print("C: ", C)

print("C[0]: ", C[0]) # list.get(i)

print("C[4]: ", C[4]) # list.size()

print("len(C)", len(C))

D = C[:] # every element in C list.clone()

print("D:", D)

# tuple

# immutable

tupleA = ()

tupleB = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

tupleC = (2, 4, 'A')

tupleD = (1, 2, tupleB, tupleC)

print("tupleD: ", tupleD)

print("tupleD[2]", tupleD[2])

# dictionary

# key - value pairs

people = {'john': 123, "tom": 123}

print("john in people: ", 'john' in people)

people['john'] = 321

print(people['john'])

print(people.keys())

my_dict = {1: '1', 2: '2', 3: '3', 4: '4', 5: '5', 6: '6'}

print("my_dict: ", my_dict)

print("len(my_dict): ", len(my_dict))

my_dict.pop(5)

print("my_dict: pop(5)", my_dict)

print("len(my_dict): ", len(my_dict))

my_dict.clear()

print("len(my_dict): ", len(my_dict))

print("xor 1 1:", xor(1, 1))

print("xor 1 0:", xor(1, 0))

print("xor 0 1:", xor(0, 1))

print("xor 0 0:", xor(0, 0))

# if

var1 = 100

if 100 == var1:

print("var1 == 100")

# if else

var1 = 250

if 200 == var1:

print("var1 == 200")

else:

print("var1 != 200")

# if elif else

var1 = 250

if 200 == var1:

print("var1 == 200")

elif 250 == var1:

print("var1 == 250")

else:

print("else value")

# multiple conditions

test1 = True

test2 = False

if test1 is False and test2 is True:

print("Both conditions is True")

test1 = "test1"

test2 = "test2"

if test1 == "test1" and test2 == "test2":

print("Both conditions == True")

# for loop

for i in range(0, 5):

print("loop:", i)

# increased by 2

for j in range(0, 20, 2):

print("loop: " + str(j))

# decreased by 1

for i in range(10, 0, -1):

print("loop: " + str(i))

# for with break

for i in range(10, 0, -1):

if i == 5:

break

print("loop: " + str(i))

# while

var = 1

while var < 10:

var = var * 2

print("var: ", var)

# iterate a list

values = ['1', '2', '3']

for value in values:

print("value", value)

# iterate a tuple

values = ('1', '2', '3')

for value in values:

print("value (tuple)", value)

# list as stack

stack = [1]

stack.append(2)

print("list as stack:", stack.pop()) # pop 2

# set

set1 = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5}

print(set1)

set2 = set([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5])

print(set2)

# for loop with index

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

for i in range(1, len(list1) + 1):

print(list1[i - 1], end="")

print()

# for loop with index reverse

for i in range(len(list1) - 1, -1, -1):

print(list1[i], end="")

print()

test = [[0 for x in range(10)]]

print(test)

# python counter

import collections

c = collections.Counter(["a", "a", "a", "a", "a", "b", "c"])

print(c)

c.update("aaaaaaaaaabbbbccc")

print(c)

for char in "abc":

print((char, c[char]))

# counter elements

print(list(c.elements()))

# counter most common

for char, count in c.most_common(2):

print("%s: %d" % (char, count))

print(c.items())

print(c.keys())

print(c.values())

# all method

list = [2, 2, 2, 2, 2]

print(all([val == 2 for val in list]))

dict = {}

dict["a"] = 0

dict["b"] = 0

dict["c"] = 0

print(dict)

print(all([val == 0 for val in dict.values()]))

from itertools import chain

list = [[10, 20, 30], [1, 2, 3], [0, 1], [100, 200, 300]]

print(sorted(chain(*list)))