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3 | 3 | All known problems can be solved with algorithms. For all we know, humans are |
4 | 4 | Turing machines. |
5 | 5 |
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6 | | -Most problems can be structured into a graph. Graphs have vertices (entities |
| 6 | +Most problems can be structured into a **graph**. Graphs have vertices (entities |
7 | 7 | holding data) and edges (from one vertex to another, sometimes with a value). |
8 | 8 |
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9 | | -Many problems can be structured into a tree. Trees are connected graphs without |
10 | | -cycles. Most trees we use are rooted: one vertex is the entry point (the root); |
11 | | -it is the only vertex with no edge pointing to it, all other have exactly one. |
12 | | -Many trees are ordered: vertices order their children like a list. |
| 9 | +Many problems can be structured into a **tree**. Trees are connected graphs |
| 10 | +without cycles. Most trees we use are rooted: one vertex is the entry point (the |
| 11 | +root); it is the only vertex with no edge pointing to it, all other have exactly |
| 12 | +one. Many trees are ordered: vertices order their children like a list. |
13 | 13 |
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14 | | -Some problems can be structured into a list. Lists are rooted trees where a |
| 14 | +Some problems can be structured into a **list**. Lists are rooted trees where a |
15 | 15 | maximum of one child is allowed. |
16 | 16 |
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17 | | -A few problems can be structured into a map. Maps are directed graphs where |
| 17 | +A few problems can be structured into a **map**. Maps are directed graphs where |
18 | 18 | every vertex has either a single edge coming from them (keys) or at least one |
19 | 19 | edge coming from a key (values). |
20 | 20 |
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21 | 21 | (An uncommon variation of maps are multimaps, where keys can have more than a |
22 | 22 | single edge coming from them.) |
23 | 23 |
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24 | | -Another structure is a set. Sets are graphs with no edges. |
| 24 | +Another structure is a **set**. Sets are graphs with no edges. |
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