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77 | 77 | <h1>Web servers</h1> |
78 | 78 | <p>Web servers respond to |
79 | 79 | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a> (HTTP) |
80 | | -requests from clients. A client is usually a browser such as Internet Explorer, |
81 | | -Firefox, or Chrome, but it can also be a</p> |
| 80 | +requests from clients and send back a response containing a status code and |
| 81 | +often content as well.</p> |
| 82 | +<h2>Why are web servers necessary?</h2> |
| 83 | +<p>Web servers are the ying to the web client's yang. The server and client speak |
| 84 | +the standardized language of the World Wide Web. The standardized language |
| 85 | +is why an old Mozilla Netscape browser can still talk to a modern Apache or |
| 86 | +Nginx web server, even if it cannot render all of the CSS and JavaScript |
| 87 | +properly like a modern web browser. </p> |
| 88 | +<p>The basic language of the Web with the request and response cycle from |
| 89 | +client to server then server back to client remains the same as it was when |
| 90 | +the Web was invented by |
| 91 | +<a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a> at CERN in 1989. |
| 92 | +Modern browsers and web servers have simply extended the language of the Web |
| 93 | +to incorporate new standards.</p> |
| 94 | +<h2>Client requests</h2> |
| 95 | +<p>A client that sends a request to a web server is usually a browser such |
| 96 | +as Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Chrome, but it can also be a</p> |
82 | 97 | <ul> |
83 | 98 | <li>headless browser, commonly use for testing, such as |
84 | 99 | <a href="http://phantomjs.org/">phantomjs</a></li> |
@@ -111,9 +126,12 @@ <h1>Web servers</h1> |
111 | 126 | large amount of bandwidth which is why using a Content Delivery Network |
112 | 127 | (CDN) is important when possible (see the content delivery network |
113 | 128 | section for a more detailed explanation).</p> |
114 | | -<h2>Web Server Resources</h2> |
| 129 | +<h2>Web server resources</h2> |
115 | 130 | <ul> |
116 | 131 | <li> |
| 132 | +<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html">HTTP/1.1 Specification</a></p> |
| 133 | +</li> |
| 134 | +<li> |
117 | 135 | <p><a href="http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/11/how-to-set-up-a-safe-and-secure-web-server/">How to set up a safe and secure Web server</a></p> |
118 | 136 | </li> |
119 | 137 | <li> |
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