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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="A platform-as-a-service simplifies the deployment of application code while risking other tradeoffs. Learn more on Full Stack Python.">
<title>Platform-as-a-service - Full Stack Python</title>
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<h1>Platform-as-a-service</h1>
<p>A platform-as-a-service (PaaS) provides infrastructure and a software layer
on which a web application is deployed. Running your web application from
a PaaS removes the need to know as much about the underlying servers,
operating system, web server, and often the WSGI server. </p>
<p><em>Note</em>: If you are not interested in deploying to a PaaS you can move
ahead to the <a href="/wsgi-servers.html">WSGI servers</a> section.</p>
<p>The PaaS layer defines how the application accesses resources such as
computing time, files, and external services. The PaaS provides a
higher-level abstraction for working with computing resources than deploying
an application to a server or IaaS.</p>
<p>A PaaS makes deployment and operations easier because it forces the developer
to conform applications to the PaaS architecture. For example, Heroku looks
for Python's <code>requirements.txt</code> file in the base directory of the repository
during deployment because that is the file's de facto community standard
location.</p>
<p><img src="/img/servers-versus-paas.png" width="100%" alt="Traditional LAMP server stack versus a Platform-as-a-Service stack" class="technical-diagram" /></p>
<p>If you go the PaaS route, you can skip configuring an operating system
and web server prebaked into PaaS offerings. PaaS offerings generally start
at the WSGI server layer. </p>
<h2>Platform-as-a-service responsibilities</h2>
<p>Although PaaS offerings simplify setting up and maintaining the servers,
operating system, and web server, developers still have responsibilities for other
layers of their web stack.</p>
<p>While it's useful to know the operating system that underpins your PaaS, for
example Heroku uses Ubuntu 10.04, you will not have to know as much about
securing the operating system and server level. However, web applications deployed
to a PaaS are just as vulnerable to security breaches at the application level
as a standard LAMP stack. It's still your responsibility to ensure the web
application framework and your app itself is up to date and secured. See the
<a href="/web-application-security.html">security section</a> for further information.</p>
<h2>Platforms-as-a-service that support Python</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.heroku.com/">Heroku</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://developers.google.com/appengine/">Google App Engine</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://gondor.io/">Gondor</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/">PythonAnywhere</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://openshift.redhat.com/community/get-started/python">OpenShift</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/">AWS Elastic Beanstalk</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Platform-as-a-service resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://appsembler.com/blog/paas-bakeoff-comparing-stackato-openshift-dotcloud-and-heroku-for-django-hosting-and-deployment/">PaaS bakeoff: Comparing Stackato, OpenShift, Dotcloud and Heroku for Django hosting and deployment</a> by <a href="https://twitter.com/natea">Nate Aune</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.rdegges.com/deploying-django/">Deploying Django</a> by
Randall Degges is another great free resource about Heroku.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.expeditedssl.com/aws-in-plain-english">AWS in Plain English</a>
shows what current Amazon Web Services individual services are
currently called and what they could've been called to be more
clear to users.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://cloudonaut.io/5-aws-mistakes-you-should-avoid/">5 AWS mistakes you should avoid</a>
explains how common beginner practices such as manually managing
infrastructure, not using scaling groups and underutilizing instances can
create problems you'd be better off avoiding altogether.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Heroku's
<a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python">Python deployment documentation</a>
provides clear examples for how to work with virtualenv, pip and
<code>requirements.txt</code> to get a applications deployed to their platform.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Miguel Grinberg's Flask tutorial contains an entire post on deploying
<a href="http://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-xviii-deployment-on-the-heroku-cloud">Flask applications to Heroku</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>This series on DevOps Django by
<a href="https://twitter.com/rdegges">Randall Degges</a> is great reading for
using the Heroku service:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdegges.com/devops-django-part-1-goals/">Part One: Goals</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdegges.com/devops-django-part-2-the-pain-of-deployment/">Part Two: The Pain of Deployment</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdegges.com/devops-django-part-3-the-heroku-way/">Part Three: The Heroku Way</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rdegges.com/devops-django-part-4-choosing-heroku">Part Four: Choosing Heroku</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://realpython.com/blog/python/deploying-a-django-app-to-aws-elastic-beanstalk/">Deploying a Django App to AWS Elastic Beanstalk</a>
is a fantastic post that shows how to deploy to Amazon Web Service's own
PaaS.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://news.mlh.io/deploy-your-hack-in-3-steps-intro-to-aws-and-elastic-beanstalk-02-20-2015">Deploy your hack in 3 steps: Intro to AWS and Elastic Beanstalk</a>
shows how to deploy a simple Ruby Sinatra app, but the steps are generally
applicable to Python web apps as well. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Are you wondering what it will cost to deploy a reasonable sized production
app on a platform-as-a-service like Heroku? Check out Cushion's
<a href="http://cushionapp.com/expenses/">transparent costs list</a> where they
include their expenses from using a PaaS as well as other services.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <a href="http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html">beginner's guide to scaling to 11 million users on AWS</a>
is a useful list of services you'll need to look at as you grow an
application from 10 to 100 to 1000 to 500,000 and beyond to millions
of users.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://blog.codeship.com/separate-aws-production-and-development-accounts/">How to Separate Your AWS Production and Development Accounts</a>
is a basic post on keeping developer sandbox accounts separate from
production AWS environments.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://agiliq.com/blog/2014/08/deploying-a-django-app-on-amazon-ec2-instance/">Deploying a Django app on Amazon EC2 instance</a>
is a detailed walkthrough for deploying an example Django app to Amazon
Web Services.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://medium.com/@davidmytton/how-much-is-spotify-paying-google-cloud-ebb3bf180f15">How much is Spotify Paying Google Cloud?</a>
provides some insight into how Spotify runs all of their infrastructure
on Google Cloud and posits what they may be paying to run their
service.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Two blog posts on using AWS Autoscaling in <a href="https://mcristi.wordpress.com/2016/04/21/my-approach-at-making-aws-ec2-affordable-automatic-replacement-of-autoscaling-nodes-with-equivalent-spot-instances/">Automatic replacement of Autoscaling nodes with equivalent spot instances</a>
and
<a href="https://mcristi.wordpress.com/2016/04/27/automatic-replacement-of-autoscaling-nodes-with-equivalent-spot-instances-seeing-it-in-action/">Autoscaling nodes: seeing it in action</a>
provide a potential approach for making AWS cheaper via autoscaling. While
these posts may look a bit more dfifficult than the Heroku dyno slider
bar, if you're already using AWS this should prove fairly easy to configure.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Platform-as-a-service learning checklist</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Review the potential Python platform-as-a-service options listed above.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Sign up for a PaaS account at the provider that appears to best fit your
application needs. Heroku is the PaaS option recommended for starters due
to their detailed documentation and walkthroughs available on the web.
However, the other options are also viable since their purpose is to make
deploying applications as easy as possible.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Check if there are any PaaS-specific configuration files needed for your
app to run properly on the PaaS after it is deployed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Deploy your app to the PaaS. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Sync your application's configuration with the database.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Set up a content delivery network for your application's
<a href="/static-content.html">static content</a> unless your PaaS provider already
handles this deployment step for you.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Check if the application's functionality is working and tweak as necessary.</p>
</li>
</ol>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. 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Development Environments</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Emacs</a><a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Source Control</a><a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Application Dependencies</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Generators</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Comprehensions</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Testing</a><a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Unit Testing</a><a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Integration Testing</a><a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Code Metrics</a><a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Debugging</a><a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Logging</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Security</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Web Development</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web Frameworks</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Other Web Frameworks</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Template Engines</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Jinja2</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web Design</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>JavaScript</a><a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Task Queues</a><a href="/microservices.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Microservices</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Static Site Generators</a><a href="/pelican.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pelican</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WebSockets</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Deployment</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Servers</a><a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Static Content</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Platform-as-a-Service</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Operating Systems</a><a href="/ubuntu.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Ubuntu</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web Servers</a><a href="/apache-http-server.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Apache HTTP Server</a><a href="/nginx.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Nginx</a><a href="/caddy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Caddy</a><a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WSGI Servers</a><a href="/green-unicorn-gunicorn.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Green Unicorn (Gunicorn)</a><a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Continuous Integration</a><a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Configuration Management</a><a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Docker</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Data</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Relational Databases</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLite</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Object-relational Mappers</a><a href="/sqlalchemy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLAlchemy</a><a href="/peewee.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Peewee</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>NoSQL Data Stores</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>10. Web APIs</a><a href="/bots.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Bots</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>API Creation</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>API Integration</a><a href="/twilio.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Twilio</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>11. DevOps</a><a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Monitoring</a><a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Caching</a><a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Web Analytics</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>12. Change Log</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>What Full Stack Means</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>About the Author</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Future Directions</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Platform-as-a-service</h3></div>
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Major updates are tweeted via
<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>.
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Need more detailed tutorials than you see here?
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a>
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<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Testing</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Security</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Web Development</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Deployment</a> <a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» Platform-as-a-Service</a>
<a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>10. Web APIs</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>11. DevOps</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>12. Change Log</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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