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<h2 id="1-原子性（Atomicity）"><a href="#1-原子性（Atomicity）" class="headerlink" title="1. 原子性（Atomicity）"></a>1. 原子性（Atomicity）</h2><p>事务被视为不可分割的最小单元，事务的所有操作要么全部提交成功，要么全部失败回滚。</p>
<p>回滚可以用日志来实现，日志记录着事务所执行的修改操作，在回滚时反向执行这些修改操作即可。</p>
<h2 id="2-一致性（Consistency）"><a href="#2-一致性（Consistency）" class="headerlink" title="2. 一致性（Consistency）"></a>2. 一致性（Consistency）</h2><p>数据库在事务执行前后都保持一致性状态。在一致性状态下，所有事务对一个数据的读取结果都是相同的。</p>
<h2 id="3-隔离性（Isolation）"><a href="#3-隔离性（Isolation）" class="headerlink" title="3. 隔离性（Isolation）"></a>3. 隔离性（Isolation）</h2><p>一个事务所做的修改在最终提交以前，对其它事务是不可见的。</p>
<h2 id="4-持久性（Durability）"><a href="#4-持久性（Durability）" class="headerlink" title="4. 持久性（Durability）"></a>4. 持久性（Durability）</h2><p>一旦事务提交，则其所做的修改将会永远保存到数据库中。即使系统发生崩溃，事务执行的结果也不能丢失。</p>
<p>可以通过数据库备份和恢复来实现，在系统发生崩溃时，使用备份的数据库进行数据恢复。</p>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-原子性（Atomicity）"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1. 原子性（Atomicity）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-一致性（Consistency）"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2. 一致性（Consistency）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-隔离性（Isolation）"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3. 隔离性（Isolation）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-持久性（Durability）"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">4. 持久性（Durability）</span></a></li></ol></div>
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