Stack Data Structure & It's Application

What is stack ?

 Stack is a special type of data
structure.
 Compared to a container.
 Last In First Out.

What is push ?
 Inserting a element into stack.

What is stack overflow ?
 Pushing elements when stack is full.
 When top exceeds size of stack .

Algorithm push
Procedure Push (Value)
If TOP is equal to MAX
Output an error that the Stack is full
Else
Add 1 to TOP
Put data in Value into TOP position
End If
End Procedure

What is pop ?
 Removing the top element from the
stack.

What is stack underflow ?
 Performing pop operation when a
stack is empty.
 When top equals zero.

Algorithm pop
Procedure Pop
If TOP is equal to Zero then
Stack is empty “Underflow”
Else
Output value from Stack at TOP position
Subtract 1 from TOP
End If
End Procedure

Applications of stack

Start up & Shut down.
Function calling.
Argument passing in c.

void three()
{
printf("Three startedn");
printf("Three endedn");
}
void two()
{
printf("Two startedn");
three();
printf("Two endedn");
}
void one()
{
printf("One startedn");
two();
printf("One endedn");
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf("Main startedn");
one();
printf("Main endedn");
getch();
}

Output

Main started
One started
Two started
Three started
Three ended
Two ended
One ended
Main ended

Argument passing in C
• Consider the following program :-

# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=3;
clrscr();
printf(“%d %d%d%d”,a++,++a,++a,a++);
getch();
}

Expected o/p.
3566

 But
o/p is 6 6 5 3

Because the argument are passed from
right to left in a stack and then sent to
printf function.

%d %d Top
%d %d

6 Called function ie, printf(…);

Here the input is taken from stack
6 So, the data order will be 6 6 5 3.

5 Therefore the o/p will be 6 6 5 3.

3

Conclusion
 Stack is one of the efficient way to
implement discipline to system.

Stack Data Structure & It's Application

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