PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

What is PHP ?
The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
 (PHP -- yes, the first "P" in the acronym does indeed stand for
PHP!)
Allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with
databases.
PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such
as Microsoft's ASP.

 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP is free to download and use
 PHP can generate dynamic page content
 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can be used to control user-access
 PHP can encrypt data
What is PHP?

 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side
What is PHP?

HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT JQUERY
You have to Learn Before PHP

 Development started in 1994, by Rasmus Lerdorf.
 PHP originally abbreviation for ‘Personal Home Pages’,
now ‘PHP Hypertext Preprocessor’
 Open Source
 Server-side Scripting(executes on Server.)
 Used to make web application
 HTML-embedded scripting language
 Cross-platform
Main Features of PHP
 Simpler and faster to develop
applications
 Interpreted Language
 Loosely typed language
 PHP is compatible with almost all
servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP Support Many Databases like
(Mysql ,SQL Server ,Oracle)

 Light-weight
 Cross-platform compatible
 Procedural / Object Oriented programming
 Supports wide range of Databases
 Supports wide variety of outputs
 Open source
Advantages of PHP

 PHP Software
 A Web Server (Apache , IIS)
 An RDBMS (DATABASE Software) (MYSQL)
What We Need For PHP ?

 There Are Different Development Packages available for PHP.
(Package:-collection Of Software's.)
These Are Some Development Packages:-
• XAMPP Server
• WAMP Server
• LAMP Server
• MAMP Server
• SAMP Server
How to Install PHP ?

 For XAMPP Apache visit:
https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html
How to Install Web Servers

 XAMPP (X Cross Platform)
 Provide APACHE , MYSQL , PHP , PERAL
 WAMP (W Windows)
 Provide APACHE , MYSQL , PHP
 LAMP (L LINUX)
 MAMP (M Macintosh)
 SAMP (S Sun Solaris)
Web Development Packages

• written in the C programming language
• Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994
• for use in monitoring his online resume and related personal
information.
• For this reason, PHP originally stood for
• "Personal Home Page"
• Because php libraries are already compiled and processed.
• Person request any php page in browser address bar that
request first go to server for example Apache is running on that
server.
• Server interpret php files and return back response in form of
HTML

 Most software we use have been compiled. This means that its computer code has been
put through an application that translates it into a form your computer can understand.
After a program has been compiled, it's nearly impossible to modify it or see exactly how
it was created.
 Open source software includes the source code along with the compiled code. People
who write open source software actually encourage others to customize it
 Cross-platform software can run on most or all systems with little or no modification

 Not limited to output HTML.
 Abilities includes outputting images
 PDF files and
 even Flash movies
 You can also output easily any text, such as XHTML and any other
XML file.
OUTPUT

Basic Syntax
<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>

Basic Syntax
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My first PHP page</h1>
<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>
</body>
</html>

In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign,
followed by the name of the variable.
PHP has three different variable scopes:
 local
 global
 Static
PHP Variables
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$txt = "W3Schools.com";
echo "I love " . $txt . "!";
?>
</body>
</html>

 echo and print are more or less the
same. They are both used to output
data to the screen.
 The differences are small: echo has no
return value while print has a return
value of 1 so it can be used in
expressions. echo can take multiple
parameters (although such usage is
rare) while print can take one
argument. echo is marginally faster
than print.
PHP echo & Print Statements
<?php
echo "<h2>PHP is Fun!</h2>";
echo "Hello world!<br>";
echo "I'm about to learn
PHP!<br>";
echo "This ", "string ", "was
", "made ", "with multiple
parameters.";
?>

PHP supports the following data types:
 String
 Integer
 Float (floating point numbers - also called double)
 Boolean
 Array
 Object
 NULL
 Resource
PHP Data Types

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
PHP divides the operators in the following groups:
 Arithmetic operators
 Assignment operators
 Comparison operators
 Increment/Decrement operators
 Logical operators
 String operators
 Array operators
PHP Operators

 A function name can start with
a letter or underscore (not a
number).
PHP Functions
<?php
function familyName($fname) {
echo "$fname Refsnes.<br>";
}
familyName("Jani");
familyName("Hege");
familyName("Stale");
familyName("Kai Jim");
familyName("Borge");
?>

 The PHP superglobals $_GET and $_POST are used to collect
form-data.
PHP Form Handling
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo
$_GET["email"]; ?>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"];
?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo
$_POST["email"]; ?>
</body>
</html>

 Both GET and POST create an array
 $_GET is an array of variables passed to the current script via the URL
parameters.
 $_POST is an array of variables passed to the current script via the HTTP
POST method.
 Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone.
 Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others.
GET VS POST

 to open files is with the fopen() function.
 The fread() function reads from an open
file.
 The fclose() function is used to close an
open file.
 The fgets() function is used to read a single
line from a file.
 The feof() function checks if the "end-of-
file" (EOF) has been reached.
 The fgetc() function is used to read a single
character from a file.
PHP File Open/Read/Close
<?php
$myfile =
fopen("webdictionary.txt",
"r");
// some code to be
executed....
fclose($myfile);
?>

 The fopen() function is also used to create a file.
 The fwrite() function is used to write to a file.
 The first parameter of fwrite() contains the name of the file to
write to and the second parameter is the string to be written.
PHP File Create/Write

Several predefined variables in PHP are "superglobals", which means that they are always accessible,
regardless of scope - and you can access them from any function, class or file without having to do
anything special.
The PHP superglobal variables are:
 $GLOBALS
 $_SERVER
 $_REQUEST
 $_POST
 $_GET
 $_FILES
 $_ENV
 $_COOKIE
 $_SESSION
PHP Superglobal

 A cookie is often used to identify a user. A
cookie is a small file that the server
embeds on the user's computer. Each
time the same computer requests a page
with a browser, it will send the cookie too.
With PHP, you can both create and
retrieve cookie values.
 A cookie is created with the setcookie()
function.
PHP Cookie
<?php
$cookie_name = "user";
$cookie_value = "John Doe";
setcookie($cookie_name,
$cookie_value, time() +
(86400 * 30),"/"); // 86400 = 1 day
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) {
echo "Cookie named '" .
$cookie_name . "' is not set!";
} else {
echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name
. "' is set!<br>";
echo "Value is:
" . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];
}
?>
</body>
</html>

 A session is a way to store
information (in variables) to be
used across multiple pages
 A session is started with the
session_start() function.
 Session variables are set with the
PHP global variable: $_SESSION.
PHP Sessions
<?php
// Start the session
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Set session variables
$_SESSION["favcolor"] = "green";
$_SESSION["favanimal"] = "cat";
echo "Session variables are set.";
?>
</body>
</html>

 PHP 5 and later can work with a MySQL database using:
 MySQLi extension (the "i" stands for improved)
 PDO (PHP Data Objects)
 PDO will work on 12 different database systems, where as
MySQLi will only work with MySQL databases.
How to Connect PHP with MySQL Database.

 For MySQLi Installation go
to: http://php.net/manual/en/mysqli.installation.php
 For PDO Installation go to:
http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php
How to Connect PHP with MySQL Database
(cont.)

Connect with MySQLi
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

Connect with PDO
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

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