Internet Protocols and SupportÂ¶

The modules described in this chapter implement internet protocols and support for related technology. They are all implemented in Python. Most of these modules require the presence of the system-dependent module socket, which is currently supported on most popular platforms. Here is an overview:

webbrowser â Convenient web-browser controller
- Command-line interface
- Browser controller objects
wsgiref â WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
- wsgiref.util â WSGI environment utilities
- wsgiref.headers â WSGI response header tools
- wsgiref.simple_server â a simple WSGI HTTP server
- wsgiref.validate â WSGI conformance checker
- wsgiref.handlers â server/gateway base classes
- wsgiref.types â WSGI types for static type checking
- Examples
urllib â URL handling modules
urllib.request â Extensible library for opening URLs
- Request Objects
- OpenerDirector Objects
- BaseHandler Objects
- HTTPRedirectHandler Objects
- HTTPCookieProcessor Objects
- ProxyHandler Objects
- HTTPPasswordMgr Objects
- HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth Objects
- AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects
- HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects
- ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects
- AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects
- HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects
- ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects
- HTTPHandler Objects
- HTTPSHandler Objects
- FileHandler Objects
- DataHandler Objects
- FTPHandler Objects
- CacheFTPHandler Objects
- UnknownHandler Objects
- HTTPErrorProcessor Objects
- Examples
- Legacy interface
- urllib.request Restrictions
urllib.response â Response classes used by urllib
urllib.parse â Parse URLs into components
- URL Parsing
- URL parsing security
- Parsing ASCII Encoded Bytes
- Structured Parse Results
- URL Quoting
urllib.error â Exception classes raised by urllib.request
urllib.robotparser â Parser for robots.txt
http â HTTP modules
- HTTP status codes
- HTTP status category
- HTTP methods
http.client â HTTP protocol client
- HTTPConnection Objects
- HTTPResponse Objects
- Examples
- HTTPMessage Objects
ftplib â FTP protocol client
- Reference
poplib â POP3 protocol client
- POP3 Objects
- POP3 Example
imaplib â IMAP4 protocol client
- IMAP4 Objects
- IMAP4 Example
smtplib â SMTP protocol client
- SMTP Objects
- SMTP Example
uuid â UUID objects according to RFC 9562
- Command-Line Usage
- Example
- Command-Line Example
socketserver â A framework for network servers
- Server Creation Notes
- Server Objects
- Request Handler Objects
- Examples
http.server â HTTP servers
- Command-line interface
- Security considerations
http.cookies â HTTP state management
- Cookie Objects
- Morsel Objects
- Example
http.cookiejar â Cookie handling for HTTP clients
- CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects
- FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers
- CookiePolicy Objects
- DefaultCookiePolicy Objects
- Cookie Objects
- Examples
xmlrpc â XMLRPC server and client modules
xmlrpc.client â XML-RPC client access
- ServerProxy Objects
- DateTime Objects
- Binary Objects
- Fault Objects
- ProtocolError Objects
- MultiCall Objects
- Convenience Functions
- Example of Client Usage
- Example of Client and Server Usage
xmlrpc.server â Basic XML-RPC servers
- SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects
  - SimpleXMLRPCServer Example
- CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
- Documenting XMLRPC server
- DocXMLRPCServer Objects
- DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
ipaddress â IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
- Convenience factory functions
- IP Addresses
- IP Network definitions
- Interface objects
  - Operators
    - Logical operators
- Other Module Level Functions
- Custom Exceptions

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