Ðведение в API Ñайлов и каÑалогов
Ðе ÑÑандаÑÑно: ÐÑа ÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑандаÑÑизиÑована. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑекомендÑем иÑполÑзоваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑандаÑÑнÑе ÑÑнкÑии в дейÑÑвÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑÐ°Ñ , Ñак как Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжка бÑаÑзеÑами огÑаниÑена, а поведение Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ бÑÑÑ Ñдалено. Тем не менее, в некоÑоÑÑÑ ÑлÑÑаÑÑ , когда Ð½ÐµÑ ÑÑандаÑÑного ÑеÑениÑ, они могÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´ÑÑей алÑÑеÑнаÑивой.
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API Ñайлов и каÑалогов взаимодейÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими API. Ðно бÑло Ñоздано на оÑнове File Writer API, коÑоÑÑй в ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑзÑÐµÑ File API. Ðаждое API ÑеализÑÐµÑ ÑазнÑÑ ÑÑнкÑионалÑноÑÑÑ. ÐаннÑе пÑогÑаммнÑе инÑеÑÑейÑÑ ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑомнÑм ÑволÑÑионнÑм ÑкаÑком Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ±-пÑиложений, коÑоÑÑе ÑепеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ ÐºÐµÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸ обÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑие обÑÑÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ .
Ðб ÑÑом докÑменÑе
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ÐÑогÑаммнÑй инÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Ñайлов и каÑалогов вклÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑоннÑе и ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑоннÑе меÑодÑ. ÐÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ñонное API Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑполÑзовано в ÑÐµÑ ÑлÑÑаÑÑ , когда нежелаÑелÑно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð»Ð¸ÑелÑнÑе вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ¸Ñовали веÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑÑкий инÑеÑÑейÑ. Ð ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑÐµÐ´Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ñонное API пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ пÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, однако оно должно иÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑекÑами WebWorkers.
ÐÑименимоÑÑÑ API
API Ñайлов и каÑалогов ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ñм пÑогÑаммнÑм инÑеÑÑейÑом по ÑледÑÑÑим пÑиÑинам:
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API Ñайлов и каÑалогов и дÑÑгие пÑогÑаммнÑе инÑеÑÑейÑÑ Ñ ÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
API Ñайлов и каÑалогов ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð°Ð»ÑÑеÑнаÑивой Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑÑейÑов Ñ ÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ , ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº IndexedDB, WebSQL (пÑизнано ÑÑÑаÑевÑим Ñ 18 ноÑбÑÑ 2010 г.) и AppCache. Тем не менее данное API ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ñ Ð¾ÑоÑим вÑбоÑом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ñиложений, обÑабаÑÑваÑÑим болÑÑие обÑÑÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ , по ÑледÑÑÑим пÑиÑинам:
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- Firefox поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñ Ñанение бинаÑнÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð² IndexedDB, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº в Chrome ÑÑа ÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-пÑÐµÐ¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑадии ÑазÑабоÑки. ÐÑли Chrome ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ из ÑелевÑÑ Ð±ÑаÑзеÑов Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñего пÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÑнÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ , Ñо Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе иÑполÑзоваÑÑ ÑолÑко либо данное API, либо AppCache. Ð ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ñ ÑанилиÑе AppCache не пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑи локалÑнÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹, а Ñакже Ñонкой наÑÑÑойки на ÑÑоÑоне клиенÑа.
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ÐÑдио- или ÑоÑоÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²Ñономной ÑабоÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ локалÑнÑм кеÑем.
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Big concepts
Before you start using the File and Directory Entries API, you need to understand a few concepts:
- The File and Directory Entries API is a virtual representation of a file system
- The File and Directory Entries API can use different storage types
- Browsers impose storage quota
- The File and Directory Entries API has asynchronous and synchronous versions
- When using the asynchronous API, always use the error callbacks
- The File and Directory Entries API interacts with other APIs
- The File and Directory Entries API is case-sensitive
The File and Directory Entries API is a virtual representation of a file system
The API doesn't give you access to the local file system, nor is the sandbox really a section of the file system. Instead, it is a virtualized file system that looks like a full-fledged file system to the web app. It does not necessarily have a relationship to the local file system outside the browser.
What this means is that a web app and a desktop app cannot share the same file at the same time. The API does not let your web app reach outside the browser to files that desktop apps can also work on. You can, however, export a file from a web app to a desktop app. For example, you can use the File API, create a blob, redirect an iframe to the blob, and invoke the download manager.
The File and Directory Entries API can use different storage types
An application can request temporary or persistent storage. Temporary storage is easier to get, because the browser just gives it to you, but it is limited and can be deleted by the browser when it runs out of space. Persistent storage, on the other hand, might offer you larger space that can only be deleted by the user, but it requires the user to grant you permission.
Use temporary storage for caching and persistent storage for data that you want your app to keepâsuch as user-generated or unique data.
Browsers impose storage quotas
To prevent a web app from using up the entire disk, browsers might impose a quota for each app and allocate storage among web apps.
How storage space is granted or allocated and how you can manage storage are idiosyncratic to the browser, so you need to check the respective documentation of the browser. Google Chrome, for example, allows temporary storage beyond the 5 MB required in the specifications and supports the Quota Management API. To learn more about the Chrome-specific implementation, see Managing HTML5 Offline Storage.
The File and Directory Entries API has asynchronous and synchronous versions
The File and Directory Entries API comes with asynchronous and synchronous versions. Both versions of the API offer the same capabilities and features. In fact, they are almost alike, except for a few differences.
- WebWorkers. The asynchronous API can be used in either the document or WebWorkers context, while the synchronous API is for use with WebWorkers only.
- Callbacks. The asynchronous API doesn't give you data by returning values; instead, you have to pass a callback function. You send requests for operations to happen, and get notified by callbacks. In contrast, the synchronous API does not use callbacks because the API methods return values.
- Global methods of the asynchronous and synchronous APIs. The asynchronous API has the following global methods:
requestFileSystem()andresolveLocalFileSystemURL(). These methods are members of both the window object and the worker global scope. The synchronous API, on the other hand, uses the following methods:requestFileSystemSync()andresolveLocalFileSystemSyncURL(). These synchronous methods are members of the worker's global scope only, not the window object.
The synchronous API can be simpler for some tasks. Its direct, in-order programming model can make code easier to read. The drawback of synchronous API has to do with its interactions with Web Workers, which has some limitations.
When using the asynchronous API, always use the error callbacks
When using the asynchronous API, always use the error callbacks. Although the error callbacks for the methods are optional parameters, they are not optional for your sanity. You want to know why your calls failed. At minimum, handle the errors to provide error messages, so you'll have an idea of what's going on.
The File and Directory Entries API interacts with other APIs
The File and Directory Entries API is designed to be used with other APIs and elements on the web platform. For example, you are likely to use one of the following:
- XMLHttpRequest (such as the
send()method for file and blob objects) - Drag and Drop API
- Web Workers (for the synchronous version of the File and Directory Entries API)
- The
inputelement (to programmatically obtain a list of files from the element)
The File and Directory Entries API is case sensitive
The filesystem API is case-sensitive, and case-preserving.
ÐгÑаниÑениÑ
For security reasons, browsers impose restrictions on file access. If you ignore them, you will get security errors.
The File and Directory Entries API adheres to the same-origin policy
An origin is the domain, application layer protocol, and port of a URL of the document where the script is being executed. Each origin has its own associated set of file systems.
The security boundary imposed on file system prevents applications from accessing data with a different origin. This protects private data by preventing access and deletion. For example, while an app or a page in http://www.example.com/app/ can access files from http://www.example.com/dir/, because they have the same origin, it cannot retrieve files from http://www.example.com:8080/dir/ (different port) or https://www.example.com/dir/ (different protocol).
The File and Directory Entries API does not let you create and rename executable files
To prevent malicious apps from running hostile executables, you cannot create executable files within the sandbox of the File and Directory Entries API.
The file system is sandboxed
Because the file system is sandboxed, a web app cannot access another app's files. You also cannot read or write files to an arbitrary folder (for example, My Pictures and My Documents) on the user's hard drive.
You cannot run your app from file://
You cannot run your app locally from file://. If you do so, the browser throws errors or your app fails silently. This restriction also applies to many of the file APIs, including BlobBuilder and FileReader.
For testing purposes, you can bypass the restriction on Chrome by starting the browser with the --allow-file-access-from-files flag. Use this flag only for this purpose.
ÐпÑеделениÑ
This section defines and explains terms used in the File and Directory Entries API.
- blob
-
Stands for binary large object. A blob is a set of binary data that is stored a single object. It is a general-purpose way to reference binary data in web applications. A blob can be an image or an audio file.
- Blob
-
Blobâwith a capital Bâis a data structure that is immutable, which means that binary data referenced by a Blob cannot be modified directly. This makes Blobs act predictably when they are passed to asynchronous APIs.
- persistent storage
-
Persistent storage is storage that stays in the browser unless the user expunges it or the app deletes it.
- temporary storage
-
Transient storage is available to any web app. It is automatic and does not need to be requested, but the browser can delete the storage without warning.
СпеÑиÑикаÑии
| Specification |
|---|
| File System > |
| File System Access > |
СовмеÑÑимоÑÑÑ Ñ Ð±ÑаÑзеÑами
>api.FileSystemHandle
api.FileSystemFileHandle
api.FileSystemDirectoryHandle
api.FileSystemWritableFileStream
api.FileSystemSyncAccessHandle
СмоÑÑиÑе Ñакже
- File and Directory Entries API
- Exploring the FileSystem APIs (HTML5 Rocks)