In object-oriented programming (OOP), Inheritance<\/strong> and Composition<\/strong> are two fundamental concepts used to establish relationships between classes. These concepts help in reusing code and building complex systems efficiently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Inheritance allows a class (called a child class<\/strong> or subclass<\/strong>) to inherit attributes and methods from another class (called a parent class<\/strong> or superclass<\/strong>). This enables code reusability and establishes an “is-a” relationship between classes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In this example, we define a When the child class inherits from the parent class, it automatically gets access to the parent\u2019s methods and attributes without redefining them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Here, the Sometimes, a child class may need to provide its own version of a method inherited from the parent class. This is called method overriding<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Here, the Composition is another way to reuse code in OOP. Instead of inheriting from another class, one class contains an instance of another class as an attribute. This establishes a “has-a<\/strong>” relationship rather than an “is-a” relationship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nWhat is Inheritance?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Syntax<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
class ParentClass:\n # Parent class methods and attributes\n\nclass ChildClass(ParentClass):\n # Child class can access methods and attributes of ParentClass<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nExamples of Inheritance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. Basic Inheritance Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Parent<\/code> class and a Child<\/code> class that inherits from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\nclass Animal:\n def speak(self):\n print(\"Animal speaks\")\n\nclass Dog(Animal): # Dog class inherits from Animal class\n def bark(self):\n print(\"Dog barks\")\n\n# Creating an object of the Dog class\ndog = Dog()\ndog.speak() # Inherited method\ndog.bark() # Method of Dog class<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nOutput:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Animal speaks\nDog barks<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nDog<\/code> class inherits the speak()<\/code> method from the Animal<\/code> class and also defines its own method, bark()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Method Overriding in Inheritance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n print(\"Animal makes a sound\")\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self): # Overriding the parent class method\n print(\"Cat meows\")\n\n# Creating an object of Cat\ncat = Cat()\ncat.speak() # Calls the overridden method in the Cat class<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nOutput:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Cat meows<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nCat<\/code> class overrides the speak()<\/code> method from the Animal<\/code> class to provide its own behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nWhat is Composition?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Syntax<\/h3>\n\n\n\n