Abstract
This study investigates the technical and economic viability of using municipal solid waste–fueled biogas generator as a backup in a hybrid power system comprising solar photovoltaic, a battery bank, and a bi-directional converter. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) was used for the simulation, optimization, and sensitivity analysis of the proposed standalone model for a remote Igu village in Nigeria. The results of the optimal hybrid system ranked according to the least net present cost indicate that with an average municipal solid waste generation of 86.76 tons/day as feedstock for biogas generator and solar insolation of 5.45 kWh/m2/day, the proposed hybrid power system is capable of meeting the electricity demands of 2,822.20 kWh/day of the isolated community. This optimal system comprises a 500 kW biogas generator, 800 kW photovoltaic panels, a 400 kW converter, and 5,000 strings of battery and has a net present cost of $8,510,723.00, levelized cost of energy of $0.2917/kWh, and an operating cost of $182,934.00 per year. The integration of municipal solid waste resources also leads to the emission of 0.974 kg/year of nitrogen oxide, 140 kg/year of carbon dioxide, and 1.56 kg/year of carbon monoxide. The performance of the optimal system was not affected when the biogas generator feedstock was the sensitivity variable. However, the system’s annual power generation increased, while the net present cost, levelized cost of energy, operating cost, and carbon emission decreased with increased photovoltaic penetration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Not applicable.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
References
Aboyade A (2004) The potential for climate change mitigation in the Nigeria solid waste disposal sector: a case study of Lagos. M.Sc Thesis, Lund University, Sweden: 1-47
Achirgbenda VT, Kuhe A, Okoli K (2020) Techno-economic feasibility assessment of a solar-biomass-diesel energy system for a remote rural health facility in Nigeria. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Util Environ Eff 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1813848
Aderoju OM, Gemusse UGO, Dias AG (2019) An optimization of the municipal solid waste in Abuja, Nigeria for electrical power generation. Int J Energy Prod Manage 4:63–74. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V4-N1-63-74
Ahmad J, Imran M, Khalid A, Iqbal W, Ashraf SR, Adnan M, Khokhar KS (2018) Techno economic analysis of a wind-photovoltaic-biomass hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification: a case study of Kallar Kahar. Energy 148:208–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.133
Almashakbeh AS, Arfoa AA, Hrayshat ES (2019) Techno-economic evaluation of an off-grid hybrid PV-wind-diesel-battery system with various scenarios of system’s renewable energy fraction. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Util Environ Eff: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1673515
Ariyo BO, Akorede MF, Omeiza IOA, Amuda SAY, Oladeji SA (2018) Optimisation analysis of a stand-alone hybrid energy system for the senate building, university of Ilorin, Nigeria. Journal of Building Engineering 19:285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.05.015
Arowolo W, Blechinger P, Cader C, Perez Y (2019) Seeking workable solutions to the electrification challenge in Nigeria: minigrid, reverse auctions and institutional adaptation. Energ Strat Rev 23(January):114–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2018.12.007
Ayuba KA, Manaf LA, Sabrina AH, Azmin SWN (2013) Current status of municipal solid waste management practise in FCT Abuja. Res J Environ Earth Sci 5:295–304. https://doi.org/10.19026/rjees.5.5704
Bagheri M, Shirzadi N, Bazdar E, Kennedy CA (2018) Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy infrastructure for urban sustainability: green Vancouver. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 95:254–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.037
Barragán-Escandón A, Ruiz JMO, Tigre JDC, Zalamea-León EF (2020) Assessment of power generation using biogas from landfills in an equatorial tropical context. Sustain 12:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072669
Baruah A, Basu M, Amuley D (2021) Modeling of an autonomous hybrid renewable energy system for electrification of a township: a case study for Sikkim, India. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 135:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110158
Baurzhan S, Jenkins GP (2017) On-grid solar PV versus diesel electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa: economics and GHG emissions. Sustainability 9:1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030372
Carlos EPJ, Joaquim CSSJ, Luiza GRM, Corrêa FJJ, Carvalho M, Martín MRA, José ROD (2019) Municipal solid waste management and energy recovery. In Energy Conversion - Current Technologies and Future Trends 127–146. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79235
Chakraborty M, Sharma C, Pandey J, Gupta PK (2013) Assessment of energy generation potentials of MSW in Delhi under different technological options. Energy Convers Manage 75:249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.027
Chukwuchekwa N, Okafor KC (2018) Design and simulation of a hybrid biomass-solar renewable Njoku world technology WJERT. World J Eng Res Technol 4:368–378
Chukwudi G, Oluwafemi O (2014) The survey of waste-bins and collection methodology in households of the federal capital city (Fcc), Abuja, Nigeria. Int J Sci Technol Res 3:183–196
Dasappa S (2011) Potential of biomass energy for electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Sustain Dev 15:203–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2011.07.006
Dodo UA, Ashigwuike EC, Eronu EM (2021) Renewable energy readiness in Nigeria: a review focusing on power generation. Uniabuja J Eng Technol 1:115–144
Dodo UA, Ashigwuike EC, Gafai NB, Eronu EM, Sada AY, Dodo MA (2020) Optimization of an autonomous hybrid power system for an academic institution. Eur J Eng Res Sci 5:1160–1167. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2157
Erwin E, Soemardi TP, Surjosatyo A, Nugroho J, Nugraha K, Wiyono S (2018) Design optimization of hybrid biomass and wind turbine for minapolitan cluster in Domas, Serang, Banten, Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 105(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012010
Esan AB, Agbetuyi AF, Oghorada O, Ogbeide K, Awelewa AA, Afolabi AE (2019) Reliability assessments of an islanded hybrid PV-diesel-battery system for a typical rural community in Nigeria. Heliyon 5:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01632
Faccio M, Gamberi M, Bortolini M, Nedaei M (2018) State-of-art review of the optimization methods to design the configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). Front Energy 12:591–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-018-0567-x
Giwa A, Alabi A, Yusuf A, Olukan T (2017) A comprehensive review on biomass and solar energy for sustainable energy generation in Nigeria. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 69:620–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.160
González A, Riba JR, Rius A (2015) Optimal sizing of a hybrid grid-connected photovoltaic-wind-biomass power system. Sustain 7:12787–12806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70912787
Heydari A, Askarzadeh A (2016) Optimization of a biomass-based photovoltaic power plant for an off-grid application subject to loss of power supply probability concept. Appl Energy 165:601–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.095
Islam KMN (2016) Municipal solid waste to energy generation in Bangladesh: possible scenarios to generate renewable electricity in Dhaka and Chittagong City. J Renew Energy: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1712370
Jahangir MH, Cheraghi R (2020) Economic and environmental assessment of solar-wind-biomass hybrid renewable energy system supplying rural settlement load. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 42:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100895
Kalogirou SA (2004) Solar thermal collectors and applications. Prog Energy Combust Sci 30:231–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2004.02.001
Kaur K, Singh Brar G, Scholar MT (2016) Solar-biogas-biomass hybrid electrical power generation for a village (a case study). Int J Eng Develop Res 4:2321–9939
Kumaravel S, Ashok S (2012) An optimal stand-alone biomass/solar-PV/pico-hydel hybrid energy system for remote rural area electrification of an isolated village in the Western Ghats region of India. Int J Green Energy 9:398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2011.621487
Kumi EN (2019) Waste-to-energy: one solution for two problems? https://www.energyforgrowth.org/memo/waste-to-energy-one-solution-for-two-problems. Accessed 25 January 2021
Lee SY, Sankaran R, Chew KW, Tan CH, Krishnamoorthy R, Chu DT, Show PL (2019) Waste to bioenergy: a review on the recent conversion technologies. BMC Energy 1:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42500-019-0004-7
Li J, Liu P, Li Z (2020) Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a solar-wind-biomass off-grid hybrid power system for remote rural electrification: a case study of west China. Energy 208:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118387
Michaels T (2013) Environmental and social impacts of waste to energy (WTE) conversion plants. In Waste to Energy Conversion Technology 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096364.1.15
Mishra S, Panigrahi CK, Kothari DP (2015) Design and simulation of a solar – wind – biogas hybrid system architecture using HOMER in India. Int J Ambient Energy 0750:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2014.915886
Mohammed OH, Amirat Y, Benbouzid M (2018) Economical evaluation and optimal energy management of a stand-alone hybrid energy system handling in genetic algorithm strategies. Electronics 7:1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100233
Moya D, Aldás C, López G, Kaparaju P (2017) Municipal solid waste as a valuable renewable energy resource: a worldwide opportunity of energy recovery by using waste-to-energy technologies. Energy Procedia 134:286–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.618
Murugaperumal K, Srinivasn S, Satya Prasad GRKD (2020) Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy system through load forecasting and different operating strategies for rural electrification. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 37:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2019.100613
Oladigbolu JO, Ramli MAM, Al-Turki YA (2019) Techno-economic and sensitivity analyses for an optimal hybrid power system which is adaptable and effective for rural electrification: a case study of Nigeria. Sustain 11:1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184959
Rehman S (2021) Hybrid power systems – sizes, efficiencies, and economics. Energy Explor Exploit 39:3–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0144598720965022
Safieddin ASM, Asakereh A, Soleymani M (2020) An analysis of renewable electricity generation potential from municipal solid waste: a case study (Khuzestan Province, Iran). Biomass Convers Biorefin 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01011-6
Sava GN, Ionescu G, Necula H, Scripcariu M, Duong MQ, Leva S, Mussetta M (2017) Efficiency analysis of a hybrid power system for a campus in Romania. IEEE Int Conf Environ Electrical Eng IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Syst Eur: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2017.7977527
Sawle Y, Gupta SC, Bohre AK (2017) Optimal sizing of standalone PV/wind/biomass hybrid energy system using GA and PSO optimization technique. Energy Procedia: 690–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.183
Sawle Y, Gupta SC, Bohre AK (2018) Socio-techno-economic design of hybrid renewable energy system using optimization techniques. Renew Energy 119:459–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.058
Senthil KJ, Charles RS, Srinivasanm D, Venkatesh P (2018) Hybrid renewable energy-based distribution system for seasonal load variations. Int J Energy Res 42:1066–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3902
Sharma H, Monnier É, Mandil G, Zwolinski P, Colasson S (2019) Comparison of environmental assessment methodology in hybrid energy system simulation software. Procedia 80:221–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.01.007
Sigarchian SG, Paleta R, Malmquist A, Pina A (2015) Feasibility study of using a biogas engine as a backup in a decentralized hybrid (PV/wind/battery) power generation system - case study Kenya. Energy 90:1830–1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.07.008
Singh A, Basak P (2022) Conceptualization and techno-economic evaluation of municipal solid waste based microgrid. Energy 238(238):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121711
Sobamowo GM, Ojolo SJ (2018) Techno-economic analysis of biomass energy utilization through gasification technology for sustainable energy production and economic development in Nigeria. J Energy 2018:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4860252
Suresh NS, Thirumalai NC, Dasappa S (2019) Modeling of solar and biomass hybrid power generation—a techno-economic case study. Process Integr Optim Sustain 3:101–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-018-0069-7
Suresh V, Muralidhar M, Kiranmayi R (2020) Modelling and optimization of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for electrification in rural areas. Energy Rep 6:594–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.01.013
Themelis NJ (2003) An overview of the global animation industry an overview of the global. Waste Manage World 0694:40–47
Yimen N, Hamandjoda O, Meva’a L, Ndzana B, Nganhou J (2018) Analyzing of a photovoltaic/wind/biogas/pumped-hydro off-grid hybrid system for rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa - a case study of Djoundé in Northern Cameroon. Energies 11:1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102644
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors made a substantial contribution to this article.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
Not applicable.
Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for Publication
All authors agreed with the content of this article and also gave explicit consent to submit it for publication.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dodo, U.A., Ashigwuike, E.C. & Emechebe, J.N. Techno-economic Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste–Fueled Biogas Generator as a Backup in a Decentralized Hybrid Power System. Process Integr Optim Sustain 6, 431–446 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-022-00223-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-022-00223-9